Entry Nodes
Version 2.2 (Previous versions)
Actor Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor (person or group) is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). Kitwancool was painted by Emily Carr (Actor Appellation); Emily (Actor Appellation Part) is her first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Carr (Actor Appellation Part) is her last name (Actor Appellation Part Type). Power Corporation of Canada, headquartered in Montreal, has an important private collection of artworks and could be considered to bear several actor appellations such as its brand name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corp (Actor Appellation) or its legal name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corporation of Canada (Actor Appellation). Its International Securities Identification Number is CA7392391016 (Actor ID; Actor ID Type “ISIN”) and it is traded as TSX: POW, which could have its dedicated actor appellations as well (Actor Appellation Type “Stock Symbol”) (Wikipedia 2022b; Wikimedia 2022). Tate (Actor Appellation) is the name used by (Actor Appellation Type “Corporate Name”) the Tate institution which has other distinctive actor appellations for each of its branches (Actor Appellation “Tate”, “Tate Britain”, “Tate Modern”, “Tate Modern 1”, “Tate Modern 2”, “Tate St Ives”, and “Tate Liverpool”; Actor Appellation Type “Brand Name”) (Tate 2022). |
| Edge Case·s | If a war artist was assigned the number M32 435 C84 (his military registration number), this number would qualify as the Actor Appellation and the Actor Appellation Type would be Military Registration Number or Military ID. If the War Museum is related to the Department of National Defence or uses the same numbers to identify artists, this number would qualify both as the Actor Appellation (the number assigned by the Department of Defence) and as the Actor ID (the same number used by the War Museum). The French appellation of Power Corporation of Canada is Power Corporation du Canada. An institution wanting to record both these appellations could either create two Actor Appellations (one for Power Corporation of Canada indicated as English in the Actor Appellation Language node, and one for Power Corporation du Canada indicated as French in the Actor Appellation Language node) or a single, bilingual one (Power Corporation of Canada/Power Corporation du Canada). The same applies to many governmental bodies in Canada such as PCH Canadian Heritage/Patrimoine canadien where, in addition, the question of the language of the acronym is unclear: if PCH is the Actor Appellation with the Actor Appellation Type “Acronym”, it is possible to consider this as a single, bilingual appellation. Some institutions need to document animals as actors and although the current definition could accommodate this, the CIDOC CRM model might not. For example, Wojtek was a bear officially enlisted in the Polish army (Wikipedia 2022c). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part and Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Actor Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, Tate 2022, Wikimedia 2022, Wikipedia 2022a, Wikipedia 2022b, Wikipedia 2022c |
Actor Appellation Language
| Scope | This field indicates the natural language the Actor Appellation is written in. |
| Generated Bond·s | E56_Language |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P72_has_language -> crm:E56_Language |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). |
| Edge Case·s | Bilingual considerations could apply to actor appellations so that it would either be two Actor Appellation nodes linked to their corresponding Language node, or one Actor Appellation linked to two Language nodes. Some text can be written in a specific dialect of a language (French-Canadian can be considered as a French dialect). Both languages and dialects are valid values; the choice between documenting either of them depends on the vocabulary that is used by an institution. Some text can be written in non-natural languages, such as constructed languages (e.g. quenya created by J. R. R. Tolkien), formal languages (e.g. binary, mathematics, etc.), or symbolic languages (e.g. emojis), for example, an artist that would use @ID as their name. The choice of documenting non-natural languages depends on the vocabulary used by an institution, although it goes against the scope of the class E56_Language. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Language: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminologies (such as ISO 639-3) as well as UTF-8 compliant languages can be used. The language of the Actor Appellation can differ from the Actor Appellation Language (for example, the Actor Appellation can be “ᐃᓱᒪ”, yet the Actor Appellation Language can be “Inuktitut” rather than “ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ”). Writing systems (e.g. latin, arabic, hanzi, etc.) are not documented in the Target Model Specification Specification and should not be confused with languages. If the language is difficult to identify, it is best to leave the node empty. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E56 Language, Wikipedia 2019ae |
Actor Appellation Part
| Scope | This field designates one of the units that compose the Actor Appellation (the latter can have any number of parts). These include manners of address (titles, honorifics) as well as personal and group appellation denominatives. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P106_is_composed_of -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Kitwancool was painted by Emily Carr (Actor Appellation); Emily (Actor Appellation Part) is her first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Carr (Actor Appellation Part) is her last name (Actor Appellation Part Type). Groupe Hachette can be recorded as a combination of the Actor Appellation Part Groupe (Actor Appellation Part Type “Legal Affix”) and the Actor Appellation Part Hachette (Actor Appellation Part Type “Brand Name” or “Root”). |
| Edge Case·s | Middle names in general are hard to situate within an Actor Appellation. For example, Jean Paul Riopelle could be considered to be Jean (Actor Appellation Part Type “First Name”), Paul (Actor Appellation Part Type “Middle Name”), and Riopelle (Actor Appellation Part Type “Last Name”) just as it could be Jean Paul (Actor Appellation Part Type “First Name”) and Riopelle (Actor Appellation Part Type “Last Name”). How to determine the order and display of parts can thus be a challenge. The same applies to organizations’ appellations that might have multiple parts such as Randy & Berenicci, which would be composed of three Actor Appellation Parts (“Randy”, Actor Appellation Part Type “Root”; “&”, Actor Appellation Part Type “Affix”; “Berenicci”, Actor Appellation Part Type “Root”). How to determine the order of the Actor Appellation Parts could not be automated in this case and would likely be problematic. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Part: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Legal denominatives (LLC., Ltd., etc.) and honorifics (Her Majesty, Sir, Doctor, etc.) are included here as well as in the Actor Appellation because they cannot be accommodated elsewhere unless a new field is created (this has not been done as this data will most likely not be available). |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Wikipedia 2019h, Wikipedia 2019af |
Actor Appellation Part Type
| Scope | This field qualifies the Actor Appellation Part and conceptually characterizes parts of the Actor Appellation in order to facilitate identification, belonging to larger entities (such as families or brands), and placement in the appellation. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation Part |
| Related SQN·s | Type of Appellation Part: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P106_is_composed_of -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Type of Appellation Part”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Kitwancool was painted by Emily Carr (Actor Appellation); Emily (Actor Appellation Part) is her first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Carr (Actor Appellation Part) is her last name (Actor Appellation Part Type). Groupe Hachette can be recorded as a combination of the Actor Appellation Part Groupe (Actor Appellation Part Type “Legal Affix”) and the Actor Appellation Part Hachette (Actor Appellation Part Type “Brand Name” or “Root”). |
| Edge Case·s | Middle names in general are hard to situate within an Actor Appellation. For example, Jean Paul Riopelle could be considered to be Jean (Actor Appellation Part Type “First Name”), Paul (Actor Appellation Part Type “Middle Name”), and Riopelle (Actor Appellation Part Type “Last Name”) just as it could be Jean Paul (Actor Appellation Part Type “First Name”) and Riopelle (Actor Appellation Part Type “Last Name”). How to determine the order and display of parts can thus be a challenge. The same applies to organizations’ appellations that might have multiple parts such as Randy & Berenicci, which would be composed of three Actor Appellation Parts (“Randy”, Actor Appellation Part Type “Root”; “&”, Actor Appellation Part Type “Affix”; “Berenicci”, Actor Appellation Part Type “Root”). How to determine the order of the Actor Appellation Parts could not be automated in this case and would likely be problematic. How to display and order affixes in general can be a challenge because some are typically displayed prior to the name (e.g. Sir) whilst others typically come after (e.g. Ph.D.). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Part Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Any part of the Actor Appellation can be designated as a type here, including elements that are not typically thought of as names such as manners of address or legal affixes. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E55 Type, Wikipedia 2019h, Wikipedia 2019af, Wikipedia 2019i |
Actor Appellation Precedence
| Scope | This field indicates if the institution contributing the data considers the related Actor Appellation to have precedence over other, alternative Actor Appellations. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | Precedence: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Precedence”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The node contains a string that can be semi-automatically reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. If the value is structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabularies, the aggregator should add the term to its vocabulary management environment. If the Actor Appellation Precedence is recorded using numbers or booleans, the provider must provide an equivalency table aligned with the expected controlled vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The node contains a string (excluding numbers and booleans) that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabulary specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). A provider might have several artefacts from a single creator and different actor appellations for said creator. For example, the Tate might indicate in its records that A View from an Apartment (2004-2005) is by Jeff Wall (Actor Appellation) and that Diagonal Composition (1993) is by Jeffrey Wall (Actor Appellation), thus creating two actor appellations for a single artist. In this case, a preferred actor appellation should be specified (e.g. Actor Appellation Precedence should be indicated as “Preferred” for Jeff Wall so that Jeffrey Wall will automatically be inferred as “Non-Preferred”). |
| Edge Case·s | A provider might have more than two actor appellations for a single actor and might not wish to only identify its preferred appellation, but to rank both of them. For example, Actor Appellation Precedence indicated as “1” (preferred) for Jeff Wall, as “2” (non-preferred to 1 but preferred to 3) for Jeffrey Wall, and as “3” (non-preferred) for J. Wall. The model accommodates binary precedence rather than rankings. This means that no precedence should be determined based on language, such as in the case of bilingual organizational names that officially hold equivalent value. For example, the National Gallery of Canada or Musée des beaux-arts du Canada would likely not want to ascribe a precedence to either of its appellations, but it might want to ascribe precedence to both of these appellations over NGC, National Gallery, MBAC, or Musée des beaux-arts. Only two appellations (one in English and one in French) with no precedence will be ascribed in this case. This example shows that any more than two appellations poses the problem of precedence and does not indicate how the data should, ultimately, be displayed (e.g. English before French or vice-versa). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Precedence: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | Appellation Precedence CHIN Internal Thesaurus |
| Potential Error·s | N/A |
| Comment·s | N/A |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019g, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019h, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2019j |
Actor Appellation Type
| Scope | This field qualifies the Actor Appellation and conceptually characterizes actor appellations in order to facilitate identification and belonging to larger entities (such as families or brands). |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | Type of Appellation: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Type of Appellation”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be (semi-)automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Power Corporation of Canada, headquartered in Montreal, has an important private collection of artworks and could be considered to bear several actor appellations such as its brand name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corp (Actor Appellation), or its legal name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corporation of Canada (Actor Appellation). Its International Securities Identification Number is CA7392391016 (Actor ID; Actor ID Type “ISIN”) and it is traded as TSX: POW, which could have its dedicated actor appellations as well (Actor Appellation Type “Stock Symbol”) (Wikipedia 2022b; Wikimedia 2022). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). Tate (Actor Appellation) is the name used by (Actor Appellation Type “Corporate Name”) the Tate institution which has other distinctive actor appellations for each of its branches (Actor Appellation “Tate”, “Tate Britain”, “Tate Modern”, “Tate Modern 1”, “Tate Modern 2”, “Tate St Ives”, and “Tate Liverpool”; Actor Appellation Type “Brand Name”) (Tate 2022). DAIM (Actor Appellation) is the artist name (Actor Appellation Type “Pseudonym”) used by Mirko Reisser (Actor Appellation, Actor Appellation Type “Name”). |
| Edge Case·s | A translated Actor Appellation, such as “Léonard de Vinci”, can be considered to be an Actor Appellation in its own right with the Actor Appellation Type “Name”, but it could also be considered an Actor Appellation Type “Exonym” because this Actor Appellation is only used in the French Language. This begs the question of whether there can be more than one Actor Appellation Type for a single Actor Appellation (e.g. “Exonym” and “Name”) and how the providing institution represents this when contributing its data. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field qualifies the Actor Appellation and relates to an Actor Appellation so that there cannot be an Actor Appellation Type without an Actor Appellation. It is difficult to determine the limits of an appellation (e.g. is the birth name of a married woman a distinct Actor Appellation?) so that the content of this field will heavily rely on what the provider of the data considers to be an Actor Appellation. For example, Anne of Green Gables’ birth name would be Anne Shirley, and she became Anne Blythe by marrying Gilbert Blythe. A museum might enter Anne Shirley as her Actor Appellation, and another might consider Anne Shirley Blythe as her Actor Appellation, with Anne being the first name, Shirley the maiden name, and Blythe the married name. Once again, the institution’s authority would be respected here. For marginalized communities where individuals have often been ascribed names that they do not consider their own, it seems preferable to link the actor ( E39_Actor) to the name use activity (F52_Name_Use_Activity) to indicate that the name is imposed on the person. Some imposed names could be accounted for here (such as when the Actor Appellation is a slave name), but there is no way to account for the correct name nor to give precedence to the person’s preferred name because CHIN is non-authoritative. For example, “Malcolm Little” could be typified as a slave name and “Malcolm X” as a given name. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E55 Type, Tate 2022, Wikimedia 2022, Wikipedia 2019ad, Wikipedia 2019h, Wikipedia 2022a, Wikipedia 2022b |
Actor Appellation Use Context
| Scope | This field designates the circumstances in which an appellation is employed either by an actor to refer to themselves or by those around them to refer to them. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> frbr:R64i_was_name_used_by -> frbr:F52_Name_Use_Activity -> frbr:R61_occured_in_kind_of_context -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the proper vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). |
| Edge Case·s | N/A |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Use Context: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020e, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F52 Name Use Activity, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2020c, Free Dictionary 2020d, Wikipedia 2022a |
Actor Appellation Use Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the use of the Actor Appellation may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> frbr:R64i_was_name_used_by -> frbr:F52_Name_Use_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). |
| Edge Case·s | When it comes to actor appellations that are mostly attributable to relationships (such as nicknames), the Actor Appellation Use Date Begin depends on when the related actor started using the Actor Appellation. It is still unclear if the information recorded would be from the earliest use by anyone to the latest use by anyone (e.g. the first person who used “W” to refer to George W. Bush, and the last person that did/will do so) or from the earliest use by a specific actor and the latest use by a specific actor (e.g. the first time John Dickerson used “W” and the last time he uses it). Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Use Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Actor Appellation Use Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020e, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F52 Name Use Activity, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2020c, Free Dictionary 2020d, Wikipedia 2022a |
Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the use of the Actor Appellation may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation Actor Appellation Use Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> frbr:R64i_was_name_used_by -> frbr:F52_Name_Use_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends to use only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020e, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F52 Name Use Activity, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2020c, Free Dictionary 2020d, Wikipedia 2022a |
Actor Appellation Use Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the use of the Actor Appellation may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> frbr:R64i_was_name_used_by -> frbr:F52_Name_Use_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). |
| Edge Case·s | SAMO is a graffiti tag that was used in New York from 1977 to 1980, primarily by Jean-Michel Basquiat and Al Diaz. It could be considered an Actor Appellation (Actor Appellation Type “Pseudonym”); if so, the dates would not be problematic (Actor Appellation Use Date End “1980-12-31T23:59:59”). However, it could also be considered an artefact (as SAMO was graffitied across the city), thus possibly used by multiple actors (Artefact Appellation) (Wikipedia 2021a). This begs the question of whether an appellation use date has an end when people continue to use the appellation well after the actor’s death. There could be, in this case, an Artefact Appellation and an Actor Appellation of the same name, but the way to handle the dates for each would have to be clarified. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Use Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The Actor Appellation Use Date End temporalizes an event regardless of the temporality of the other events it is related to such that, for example, even though Dodgson died (1898-01-14) prior to the publication of his last book (1898-02), the Actor Appellation Use Date End can exceed the actor’s death. Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Actor Appellation Use Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020e, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F52 Name Use Activity, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2020c, Free Dictionary 2020d, Wikipedia 2021a, Wikipedia 2022a |
Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the use of the Actor Appellation may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Actor Appellation Actor Appellation Use Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> frbr:R64i_was_name_used_by -> frbr:F52_Name_Use_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland under his pen name Lewis Carroll while continuing to publish work as a mathematician under his birth name. He would thus have two actor appellations: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Actor Appellation Type “Birth Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Customary Name”) and Lewis Carroll (Actor Appellation Type “Pen Name”, Actor Appellation Use Context “Children’s Book Writing”). He published under his pen name Lewis Carroll for the first time in March 1856 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) when his poem Solitude appeared in The Train, and for the last time in February 1898 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) when his book Three Sunsets and Other Poems was published (Wikipedia 2022a). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020e, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F52 Name Use Activity, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2020c, Free Dictionary 2020d, Wikipedia 2022a |
Actor ID
| Scope | This node designates the unique identifying combination of alphanumeric characters assigned to an actor by an institutionally recognized organization. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The provided values contain IDs surrounded by other unstructured information such that there is no systematic way to isolate and automatically extract the IDs, whether because of varying ID structures or inconsistent syntax. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain IDs surrounded by other information, but the IDs can be systematically isolated and automatically extracted. Accepted Value Type·s: String, Integer High: The provided values only contain strings that represent the IDs and are unique within the dataset. Accepted Value Type·s: String, Integer |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Power Corporation of Canada, headquartered in Montreal, has an important private collection of artworks and could be considered to bear several actor appellations such as its brand name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corp (Actor Appellation), or its legal name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corporation of Canada (Actor Appellation). Its International Securities Identification Number is CA7392391016 (Actor ID; Actor ID Type “ISIN”) and it is traded as TSX: POW, which could have its dedicated actor appellations as well (Actor Appellation Type “Stock Symbol”) (Wikipedia 2022b; Wikimedia 2022). |
| Edge Case·s | An IP address might be considered to be an ID that refers to the actor but does not represent it. It is unclear if the Actor ID Type would accommodate the IP address considering multiple actors can use a single computer, especially if it is a duo using the computer to semi-automatically create an object so that the computer takes part in the creation. In the case of media-generated art, it is also unclear if the IP address would be part of the Artefact IDs, the Actor IDs, or both. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor ID: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | Uniqueness of the Actor ID to an actor within the dataset is essential; if an Actor ID is assigned to several entities, either these will be subsumed under a single one mistakenly or a “Value already assigned” error will emerge. |
| Comment·s | This entry node should be used precisely to identify an actor and should not be used for objects, for which the Artefact ID node has been designed. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019c, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019k, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F13 Identifier, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Wikimedia 2022, Wikipedia 2019d, Wikipedia 2019ac, Wikipedia 2022b |
Actor ID Type
| Scope | This field specifies what classification the organization who issued the Actor ID ascribed to said ID. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Actor ID |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Actor Identifiers and Appellations |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the identifier (Actor ID Type) of Yousuf Karsh (Actor Appellation) is 8494 (Actor ID). Yousuf Karsh is the English spelling (Actor Appellation Language) of the Armenian-Canadian photographer’s full name (Actor Appellation Type), whereas Յուսուֆ Քարշ (Actor Appellation) is the Armenian spelling (Actor Appellation Language). Yousuf Karsh is his preferred name (Actor Appellation Precedence) by the National Gallery of Canada. Yousuf (Actor Appellation Part) is his first name (Actor Appellation Part Type) and Karsh (Actor Appellation Part) is his surname (Actor Appellation Part Type). Karsh used his full name all his professional life (Actor Appellation Use Context), which spans from 1932 (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Actor Appellation Use Date End) CE (Actor Appellation Use Date End Qualifier) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). Power Corporation of Canada, headquartered in Montreal, has an important private collection of artworks and could be considered to bear several actor appellations such as its brand name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corp (Actor Appellation), or its legal name (Actor Appellation Type) Power Corporation of Canada (Actor Appellation). Its International Securities Identification Number is CA7392391016 (Actor ID; Actor ID Type “ISIN”) and it is traded as TSX: POW, which could have its dedicated actor appellations as well (Actor Appellation Type “Stock Symbol”) (Wikipedia 2022b; Wikimedia 2022). |
| Edge Case·s | An IP address might be considered to be an ID that refers to the actor but does not represent it. It is unclear if the Actor ID Type would accommodate the IP address considering multiple actors can use a single computer, especially if it is a duo using the computer to semi-automatically create an object so that the computer takes part in the creation. In the case of media-generated art, it is also unclear if the IP address would be part of the Artefact IDs, the Actor IDs, or both. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Actor ID Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | The Target Model Specification Specification will account for the terms provided as values, but not for their definition or for the understanding the provider might have of them. As such, terms rather than meanings will be matched to controlled vocabularies so that the hierarchies of these vocabularies might not reflect the initial understanding of the provider as to the context of the term. This is one of the reasons why the use of recognized controlled vocabularies is of paramount importance. |
| Comment·s | In most cases, this information will not be a value in the provider’s dataset. In order to get this information, the provider or the aggregator will probably have to reuse the proper field label. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E55 Type, Wikimedia 2022, Wikipedia 2022b |
Annotation
| Scope | This field records supplemental information associated with a particular piece of data about which it offers further knowledge, information that arises during the mapping process and concerns, for example, data quality, modelling, and/or mapping issues, or information that the provider wishes to submit alongside the dataset. This can take different forms such as a comment, remark, description, explanation, note, grade or evaluation, etc. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object Any other field the annotation pertains to |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | <any CRM entity> -> crm:P3_has_note -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Annotations and Comments |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value is a string that contains the information needed, but also other and different information that can be automatically extracted. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The value is a string that contains only the information needed. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | The AAT URI is used as the occupation “Photographers”. A note specifying that “only an English label is available, with no French equivalent already established” (Annotation) can be appended to the AAT URI. |
| Edge Case·s | This entry node should only be used in edge cases when something is too complex and subtle to be adequately accounted for by current patterns, and too specific to warrant the creation of a new pattern. This should be used by data providers to clarify information on a data value, whereas the property rdfs:comment should be used by the creator of a model to add information about it directly. As such, typical and edge cases here are the same. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Annotation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field is meant for information that is supplemental to a specific piece of data, when something is too complex and subtle to be adequately accounted for by current patterns, and too specific to warrant the creation of a new pattern. As such, it is not intended to be used as a container for curatorial information pertaining to an actor or object. For the later, the Curatorial Note Content node should be used. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020a, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020b, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020c, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020d, Free Dictionary 2020a, Free Dictionary 2020b, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. P3 Has Note, Prata 2016, Schmidt-Linsenhoff 2013, Waller 2018, Wikipedia 2019as, Wikipedia 2019av, Wikipedia 2019aw, Wikipedia 2019ax |
Artefact Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an object is distinguished from others, such as its common noun, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P108_has_produced -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) is titled (Artefact Appellation Type “Title”) in English (Artefact Appellation Language) and this title is the main one used to refer to the artefact (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”). It is also sometimes titled Self Portret (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”), but this appellation is not preferred (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”). The reproduction’s Library and Archives Canada identification number (Artefact ID Type “Identification Number”) is PA-212511 (Artefact ID) (Karsh 1938). Flightstop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a sculpture by artist Michael Snow, sometimes titled Flight Stop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”) (Law 2011; Snow 1979; Wikipedia 2021b). John William Waterhouse’s “I am half sick of shadows, said The Lady of Shalott” (Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott, Part II) is a 1915 painting in the Art Gallery of Ontario’s collection with the object number 71/18 (Artefact ID) assigned by the contributor (Artefact ID Type “AGO_ID”) (Waterhouse 1915; Wikimedia 2018). Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). |
| Edge Case·s | How to distinguish works that are titled Untitled from those that are not titled might be problematic when ingesting the data. Conversely, it would be difficult to distinguish an object for which there is no title from an object for which we do not have the title. Marie-Guillemine Benoist’s Portrait of Madeleine (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) was formerly titled using a racial description. Recent scholarship has established the sitter’s name as “Madeleine”, although her last name remains unknown. An annotation indicating “former title displaying insensitive racial language” could be placed on its appellations, with the former title being indicated as a non-preferred appellation (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”), but a Curatorial Note Content (“Sitter in Portrait of Madeleine, former title displaying insensitive racial language with the sitter identified as being named “Madeleine” by Viktoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff”) might also be used on the actor “Madeleine” who is depicted. The same Curatorial Note Content could also be applied to Marie-Guillemine Benoist. Whether the Curatorial Note Content is related to the artist, the person depicted or both depends on the provider’s wording (Schmidt-Linsenhoff 2013; Waller 2018). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Artefact Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Bilingually named objects should be recorded as having two different appellations. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Karsh 1938, Law 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, Schmidt-Linsenhoff 2013, Snow 1979, Waller 2018, Waterhouse 1915, Wikipedia 2018, Wikipedia 2021b, Wikipedia 2022d |
Artefact Appellation Language
| Scope | This field indicates the natural language the Artefact Appellation is written in. |
| Generated Bond·s | E56_Language |
| Dependency·ies | Artefact Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P108_has_produced -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P72_has_language -> crm:E56_Language |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) is titled (Artefact Appellation Type “Title”) in English (Artefact Appellation Language) and this title is the main one used to refer to the artefact (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”). It is also sometimes titled Self Portret (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”), but this appellation is not preferred (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”). The reproduction’s Library and Archives Canada identification number (Artefact ID Type “Identification Number”) is PA-212511 (Artefact ID) (Karsh 1938). Flightstop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a sculpture by artist Michael Snow, sometimes titled Flight Stop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”) (Law 2011; Snow 1979; Wikipedia 2021b). |
| Edge Case·s | Bilingual considerations could apply to artefact appellations as well so that it would either be two Artefact Appellation nodes with the corresponding Language node for each, or one Artefact Appellation node with two Language nodes. Some text can be written in a specific dialect of a language (French-Canadian can be considered as a French dialect). Both languages and dialects are valid values, the choice between documenting either of them depends on the vocabulary that is used by an institution. Some text can be written in non-natural languages, such as constructed languages (e.g. quenya created by J. R. R. Tolkien), formal languages (e.g. binary, mathematics, etc.), or symbolic languages (e.g. emojis), for example, an object would be assigned @ID as its title. The choice of documenting non-natural languages depends on the vocabulary that is used by an institution, although it goes against the scope of the class E56_Language. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Artefact Appellation Language: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminologies (such as ISO 639-3) as well as UTF-8 compliant languages can be used. The language of the Artefact Appellation can differ from that of the Artefact Appellation Language (for example, the Artefact Appellation can be “ᐃᓱᒪ”, yet the the label of Artefact Appellation Language can be “Inuktitut” rather than “ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ”). Writing systems (e.g. latin, arabic, hanzi, etc.) are not documented in the Target Model Specification Specification, and should not be confused with languages. If the language is difficult to identify, it is best to leave the node empty. |
| Reference·s | Karsh 1938, Law 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E56 Language, Snow 1979, Wikipedia 2019ae, Wikipedia 2021b |
Artefact Appellation Precedence
| Scope | This field indicates if the institution contributing the data considers the related Artefact Appellation to have precedence over other alternative Artefact Appellations. This is a qualifying field that is used to assess priority and distinguish preferred from non-preferred terms so that it necessarily relates to an Artefact Appellation and there cannot be an Artefact Appellation Precedence without an Artefact Appellation. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Artefact Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | Precedence: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P108_has_produced -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Precedence”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) is titled (Artefact Appellation Type “Title”) in English (Artefact Appellation Language) and this title is the main one used to refer to the artefact (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”). It is also sometimes titled Self Portret (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”), but this appellation is not preferred (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”). The reproduction’s Library and Archives Canada identification number (Artefact ID Type “Identification Number”) is PA-212511 (Artefact ID) (Karsh 1938). Flightstop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a sculpture by artist Michael Snow, sometimes titled Flight Stop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”) (Law 2011; Snow 1979; Wikipedia 2021b). |
| Edge Case·s | TBD |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Artefact Appellation Precedence: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | Appellation Precedence CHIN Internal Thesaurus |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | An object could have multiple preferred appellations if different museums use different appellations as their preferred term. CHIN will not express any preference or ascribe any priority to one over another. Should this field be a boolean one? As it is a true/false field, that could maybe be useful? |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019g, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019h, Free Dictionary 2019j, Karsh 1938, Law 2011, Snow 1979, Wikipedia 2021b |
Artefact Appellation Type
| Scope | This field qualifies the Artefact Appellation and conceptually characterizes artefact appellations in order to facilitate identification and belonging to larger entities (such as families or brands). |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Artefact Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | Type of Appellation: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P108_has_produced -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Type of Appellation”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) is titled (Artefact Appellation Type “Title”) in English (Artefact Appellation Language) and this title is the main one used to refer to the artefact (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”). It is also sometimes titled Self Portret (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”), but this appellation is not preferred (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”). The reproduction’s Library and Archives Canada identification number (Artefact ID Type “Identification Number”) is PA-212511 (Artefact ID) (Karsh 1938). Flightstop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a sculpture by artist Michael Snow, sometimes titled Flight Stop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”) (Law 2011; Snow 1979; Wikipedia 2021b). John William Waterhouse’s “I am half sick of shadows, said The Lady of Shalott” (Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott, Part II) (Artefact Appellation, Artefact Appellation Language “English”, Artefact Appellation Type “Title”, Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a 1915 painting in the Art Gallery of Ontario’s collection with the object number “71/18” (Artefact ID “71/18”) assigned by the contributor (Artefact ID Type “AGO_ID”) (Waterhouse 1915; Wikimedia 2018). |
| Edge Case·s | TBD |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Artefact Appellation Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | N/A |
| Reference·s | Karsh 1938, Law 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E55 Type, Snow 1979, Waterhouse 1915, Wikipedia 2018, Wikipedia 2019ad, Wikipedia 2019h, Wikipedia 2021b |
Artefact ID
| Scope | This field designates the unique identifying combination of alphanumeric characters assigned to the object by a source institution. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P108_has_produced -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The provided values contain IDs surrounded by other unstructured information such that there is no systematic way to isolate and automatically extract the IDs, whether because of varying ID structures or inconsistent syntax. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain IDs surrounded by other information, but the ID can be systematically isolated and automatically extracted. Accepted Value Type·s: String, Integer High: The provided values only contain strings that represent the IDs and are unique within the dataset. Accepted Value Type·s: String, Integer |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) is titled (Artefact Appellation Type “Title”) in English (Artefact Appellation Language) and this title is the main one used to refer to the artefact (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”). It is also sometimes titled Self Portret (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”), but this appellation is not preferred (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”). The reproduction’s Library and Archives Canada identification number (Artefact ID Type “Identification Number”) is PA-212511 (Artefact ID) (Karsh 1938). Flightstop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a sculpture by artist Michael Snow, sometimes titled Flight Stop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”) (Law 2011; Snow 1979; Wikipedia 2021b). John William Waterhouse’s “I am half sick of shadows, said The Lady of Shalott” (Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott, Part II) (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a 1915 painting in the Art Gallery of Ontario’s collection with the object number 71/18 (Artefact ID) assigned by the contributor (Artefact ID Type “AGO_ID”) (Waterhouse 1915; Wikimedia 2018). |
| Edge Case·s | Different institutions categorize objects differently. For example, the Tom Thomson Memorial Art Gallery records Don Phillips’ Triptych as three objects: - Artefact Appellation: Triptych (1978) (left panel) Artefact ID: 994.039.1 Artefact ID Type: TTMAG_ID - Artefact Appellation: Triptych (1978) (centre panel) Artefact ID: 994.039.2 Artefact ID Type: TTMAG_ID - Artefact Appellation: Triptych (1978) (right panel) Artefact ID: 994.039.3 Artefact ID Type: TTMAG_ID On the other hand, the Vancouver Art Gallery records B.C. Binning’s Mariner’s Triptych: For Night Navigation as a single object: Artefact Appellation: Mariner’s Triptych: For Night Navigation Artefact ID: 65.11 Artefact ID Type: VAG_ID Such cases indicate how multi-parts objects might be problematic to record both in terms of IDs, but also in the case of other fields such as appellations. For the moment, the ID becomes the bearer of the federation of the objects. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Artefact ID: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This entry node should be used precisely to identify an artefact and should not be used for actors, for which the Actor ID node has been designed. This ID is assigned to the object by the institution contributing the information of the record and CHIN has no authority or bearing on it. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019c, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019k, Artefacts Canada 2006, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F13 Identifier, Karsh 1938, Law 2011, Snow 1979, Waterhouse 1915, Wikipedia 2018, Wikipedia 2019d, Wikipedia 2019ac, Wikipedia 2021b |
Artefact ID Type
| Scope | This field specifies what classification the organization who issued the Artefact ID ascribed to said ID. This field also specifies which contributor provided an Artefact ID so that there cannot be an Artefact ID Type without an Artefact ID. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Artefact ID |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P108_has_produced -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) is titled (Artefact Appellation Type “Title”) in English (Artefact Appellation Language) and this title is the main one used to refer to the artefact (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”). It is also sometimes titled Self Portret (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”), but this appellation is not preferred (Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”). The reproduction’s Library and Archives Canada identification number (Artefact ID Type “Identification Number”) is PA-212511 (Artefact ID) (Karsh 1938). Flightstop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a sculpture by artist Michael Snow, sometimes titled Flight Stop (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Non-Preferred”) (Law 2011; Snow 1979; Wikipedia 2021b). John William Waterhouse’s “I am half sick of shadows, said The Lady of Shalott” (Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott, Part II) (Artefact Appellation; Artefact Appellation Language “English”; Artefact Appellation Type “Title”; Artefact Appellation Precedence “Preferred”) is a 1915 painting in the Art Gallery of Ontario’s collection with the object number 71/18 (Artefact ID) assigned by the contributor (Artefact ID Type “AGO_ID”) (Waterhouse 1915; Wikimedia 2018). |
| Edge Case·s | Different institutions categorize objects differently. For example, the Tom Thomson Memorial Art Gallery records Don Phillips’ Triptych as three objects: - Artefact Appellation: Triptych (1978) (left panel) Artefact ID: 994.039.1 Artefact ID Type: TTMAG_ID - Artefact Appellation: Triptych (1978) (centre panel) Artefact ID: 994.039.2 Artefact ID Type: TTMAG_ID - Artefact Appellation: Triptych (1978) (right panel) Artefact ID: 994.039.3 Artefact ID Type: TTMAG_ID On the other hand, the Vancouver Art Gallery records B.C. Binning’s Mariner’s Triptych: For Night Navigation as a single object: Artefact Appellation: Mariner’s Triptych: For Night Navigation Artefact ID: 65.11 Artefact ID Type: VAG_ID Such cases indicate how multi-parts objects might be problematic to record both in terms of IDs, but also in the case of other fields such as appellations. For the moment, the ID becomes the bearer of the federation of the objects, which CHIN might not have intended and might have to address in the Artefact ID Type as well. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Artefact ID Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | In most cases, this information will not be a value in the provider’s dataset. In order to get this information, the provider or the aggregator will probably have to reuse the proper field label. |
| Reference·s | Artefacts Canada 2006, Karsh 1938, Law 2011, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E55 Type, Snow 1979, Waterhouse 1915, Wikipedia 2018, Wikipedia 2021b |
Biography Content
| Scope | This field accommodates accounts of the actor’s life that are written, composed, or produced by themselves or others. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Biography: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Biography”]) -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Biography |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value is a string that contains the information needed, but also other and different information that can be automatically extracted. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The value is a string that contains only the information needed. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | The English-language (Biography Language) biography of Yousuf Karsh on Wikipedia (Wikipedia 2021c) is as follows: “Yousuf Karsh CC (December 23, 1908 – July 13, 2002) was an Armenian-Canadian photographer known for his portraits of notable individuals. He has been described as one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 20th century. An Armenian genocide survivor, Karsh migrated to Canada as a refugee. By the 1930s he established himself as a significant photographer in Ottawa, where he lived most of his adult life, though he travelled extensively for work. His iconic 1941 photograph of Winston Churchill was a breakthrough point in his 60-year career, through which he took numerous photos of known political leaders, men and women of arts and sciences. Over 20 photos by Karsh appeared on the cover of Life magazine, until he retired in 1992.” (Biography Content). It quotes the following works: Berman, Eliza. “Yousuf Karsh’s Masterful Portraits From Churchill to Hepburn.” Time. March 18, 2015 (Biography Bibliographical Mention); Thurber, Jon. “Yousuf Karsh, 93; Photographs Captured Face of 20th Century.” Los Angeles Times. July 14, 2002 (Biography Bibliographical Mention). The English-language (Biography Language) biography of the Canadian Group of Painters by the Art Canada Institute (Art Canada Institute n.d.) is as follows: “Founded in 1933 after the disbanding of the Group of Seven by former members and their associates, the Canadian Group of Painters championed modernist painting styles against the entrenched traditionalism of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. It provided a platform for artists across Canada who were pursuing a variety of new concerns, from the formal experimentation of Bertram Brooker to the modern-figure subjects of Prudence Heward and Pegi Nicol MacLeod and the expressive landscapes of Emily Carr.” (Biography Content). |
| Edge Case·s | A group’s biography could either be categorized as a Curatorial Note Content or as a Biography Content. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Biography Content: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | TBD |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019s, Art Canada Institute n.d., Free Dictionary 2019u, Wikipedia 2019x, Wikipedia 2019ao, Wikipedia 2020a, Wikipedia 2021c |
Biography Language
| Scope | This field indicates the natural language the Biography Content is written, composed, or produced in. |
| Generated Bond·s | E56_Language |
| Dependency·ies | Biography Content |
| Related SQN·s | Biography: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Biography”]) -> crm:P72_has_language -> crm:E56_Language |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Biography |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | The English-language (Biography Language) biography of Yousuf Karsh on Wikipedia (Wikipedia 2021c) is as follows: “Yousuf Karsh CC (December 23, 1908 – July 13, 2002) was an Armenian-Canadian photographer known for his portraits of notable individuals. He has been described as one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 20th century. An Armenian genocide survivor, Karsh migrated to Canada as a refugee. By the 1930s he established himself as a significant photographer in Ottawa, where he lived most of his adult life, though he travelled extensively for work. His iconic 1941 photograph of Winston Churchill was a breakthrough point in his 60-year career, through which he took numerous photos of known political leaders, men and women of arts and sciences. Over 20 photos by Karsh appeared on the cover of Life magazine, until he retired in 1992.” (Biography Content). It quotes the following works: Berman, Eliza. “Yousuf Karsh’s Masterful Portraits From Churchill to Hepburn.” Time. March 18, 2015 (Biography Bibliographical Mention); Thurber, Jon. “Yousuf Karsh, 93; Photographs Captured Face of 20th Century.” Los Angeles Times. July 14, 2002 (Biography Bibliographical Mention). The English-language (Biography Language) biography of the Canadian Group of Painters by the Art Canada Institute (Art Canada Institute n.d.) is as follows: “Founded in 1933 after the disbanding of the Group of Seven by former members and their associates, the Canadian Group of Painters championed modernist painting styles against the entrenched traditionalism of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. It provided a platform for artists across Canada who were pursuing a variety of new concerns, from the formal experimentation of Bertram Brooker to the modern-figure subjects of Prudence Heward and Pegi Nicol MacLeod and the expressive landscapes of Emily Carr.” (Biography Content). |
| Edge Case·s | Bilingual considerations could apply to biography contents as well so that it would either be two Biography Content nodes with the corresponding Language node for each, or one Biography Content node with two Language nodes. Some text can be written in a specific dialect of a language (French-Canadian can be considered as a French dialect). Both languages and dialects are valid values, and the choice between documenting either of them depends on the vocabulary that is used by the institution. Some text can be written in non-natural languages, such as constructed languages (e.g. quenya created by J. R. R. Tolkien), formal languages (e.g. binary, mathematics, etc.), or symbolic languages (e.g. emojis), for example, an artist that would use @ID as their name. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Biography Language: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminologies (such as ISO 639-3) as well as UTF-8 compliant languages can be used. The language of the Biography Content can differ from that of the Biography Content Language (for example, the Biography Content can be “ᐃᓱᒪ”, yet the the label of Biography Content Language can be “Inuktitut” rather than “ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ”). Writing systems (e.g. latin, arabic, hanzi, etc.) are not documented in the Target Model Specification and should not be confused with languages. If the language is difficult to identify, it is best to leave the node empty. |
| Reference·s | Art Canada Institute n.d., Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2016, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E56 Language, Wikipedia 2019ae, Wikipedia 2021c |
Biography Bibliographical Mention
| Scope | This field designates an informational statement appended to the Biography Content for substantiation, authenticity, and credit attribution. It provides relevant information to cite the Biography Content such as author, year of publication, title, publisher, etc. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Biography Content |
| Related SQN·s | Biography: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Biography”]) -> dct:source -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Biography |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string of a bibliographic mention that follows a citation convention that is not the one adopted by CHIN. Accepted Value Type: String High: The value provided is a string of a bibliographic mention that follows the citation convention adopted by CHIN. Accepted Value Type: String |
| Typical Case·s | The English-language (Biography Language) biography of Yousuf Karsh on Wikipedia (Wikipedia 2021c) is as follows: “Yousuf Karsh CC (December 23, 1908 – July 13, 2002) was an Armenian-Canadian photographer known for his portraits of notable individuals. He has been described as one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 20th century. An Armenian genocide survivor, Karsh migrated to Canada as a refugee. By the 1930s he established himself as a significant photographer in Ottawa, where he lived most of his adult life, though he travelled extensively for work. His iconic 1941 photograph of Winston Churchill was a breakthrough point in his 60-year career, through which he took numerous photos of known political leaders, men and women of arts and sciences. Over 20 photos by Karsh appeared on the cover of Life magazine, until he retired in 1992.” (Biography Content). It quotes the following works: Berman, Eliza. “Yousuf Karsh’s Masterful Portraits From Churchill to Hepburn.” Time. March 18, 2015 (Biography Bibliographical Mention); Thurber, Jon. “Yousuf Karsh, 93; Photographs Captured Face of 20th Century.” Los Angeles Times. July 14, 2002 (Biography Bibliographical Mention). |
| Edge Case·s | A provider could decide to use a bibliography manager and link the bibliographical mention to the manager’s entry instead of copying it. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Biography Biographical Mention: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | CHIN recommends the use of a recognized and standard citation format such as that of the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), Modern Languages Association (MLA), or American Psychological Association (APA). |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ah, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2016, Robertson 2016, Wikipedia 2021c |
Birth Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person’s biological coming into existence in the world may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jean Koch was born around (Birth Date Begin Qualifier “Circa”; Birth Date End Qualifier “Circa”) 1765 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End). David Altmejd was born in 1974 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Birth Place) (Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Birth Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Birth Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019m, Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019b, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E67 Birth, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015 |
Birth Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person’s biological coming into existence in the world may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Birth Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jean Koch was born around (Birth Date Begin Qualifier “Circa”; Birth Date End Qualifier “Circa”) 1765 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End). David Altmejd was born in 1974 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Birth Place) (Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Birth Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d, Hart 2019/2020, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Birth Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of a person’s biological coming into existence in the world may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jean Koch was born around (Birth Date Begin Qualifier “Circa”; Birth Date End Qualifier “Circa”) 1765 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End). David Altmejd was born in 1974 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Birth Place) (Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015). Appius Claudius Cæcus, responsible for the construction of Ancient Rome’s Via Appia, is often mentioned in literary sources though his birth date is unknown. The earliest recorded date at which he is considered to have been alive is when he was made censor in 312 BCE, which indicates that his birth happened before this date (Birth Date End “-312-12-31T23:59:59”) (Humm 2005). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Birth Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field does not document the end of the life of an actor, but the end of their birth. In reality, Birth Date Begin is often the same as Birth Date End except in instances when the birth started on a specific date (e.g. 1959-07-19) and finished on another (e.g. 1959-07-20). However, the Birth Date Begin and Birth Date End could also be different in many records when the precise date is unknown. Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Birth Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019m, Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019b, Hart 2019/2020, Humm 2005, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E67 Birth, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015 |
Birth Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of a person’s biological coming into existence in the world may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Birth Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jean Koch was born around (Birth Date Begin Qualifier “Circa”; Birth Date End Qualifier “Circa”) 1765 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End). David Altmejd was born in 1974 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Birth Place) (Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Birth Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d, Hart 2019/2020, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Birth Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s of a person’s biological coming into existence in the world. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). David Altmejd was born in 1974 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Birth Place) (Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Maud Kathleen Lewis was born in her South Ohio, NS (Birth Place) childhood home to John Dowley (Father Appellation) and Agnes Dowley (Mother Appellation) (Art Gallery of Nova Scotia n.d.). In addition to documenting the municipality where she was born, an institution might want to record that “she was born in her childhood home”. The latter could be considered a Curatorial Note about Maud Kathleen Lewis. The same would apply to the death of a person happening in their childhood home. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Birth Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single birth can be linked to several Birth Places, either because there are conflicting data, different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or the birth happened in multiple places during the same time-span. |
| Reference·s | Art Gallery of Nova Scotia n.d., Baldissera 2015, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal 2015, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am |
Curatorial Note Content
| Scope | This field records information that is supplemental and associated with an actor about which it offers further knowledge. It includes comments, remarks, or descriptions such as explanations, notes, grades, or evaluations, etc., but not biographies which should be recorded using the Biography Content entry node. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | Curatorial Note: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Curatorial Note”]) -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Curatorial Note |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value is a string that contains the information needed, but also other and different information that can be automatically extracted. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The value is a string that contains only the information needed. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | The record of Yousuf Karsh in Artists in Canada includes a Remarks field with the value “Immigrated to Canada in 1924” (Curatorial Note Content) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). The note “Rebecca Belmore was the first Indigenous woman to present at the Canadian pavilion of the Venice Biennale in 2005” (Curatorial Note Content) is written in English (Curatorial Note Language) (Berlin and Baird 2014). “Ingenium was called the Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation up until 2018 and its name is based on the latin root for ingenuity” (Curatorial Note Content) (Wikipedia 2022e). “Isabella Mainville Ross (10 January 1808 – 23 April 1885), born to Ojibwe mother Josette Mainville and Scot father Joseph Mainville, was the first female registered landowner in British Columbia” (Curatorial Note Content). (Wikipedia 2022k) Warby Parker “uses a social entrepreneurship program under which the company pays for the production of a pair of glasses given to a non-profit organization for each pair of glasses that is bought, better described as a ‘buy one, give one’ model” (Curatorial Note Content) (Wikipedia 2022l). |
| Edge Case·s | Using the same example above about the remarks in the Artists in Canada’s record of Yousuf Karsh, “Immigrated to Canada in 1924” can be considered as a note of a staying activity in Canada starting in 1924. Marie-Guillemine Benoist’s Portrait of Madeleine was formerly titled using a racial description. Recent scholarship has established the sitter’s name as “Madeleine”, although her last name remains unknown. An Annotation could be placed on its Artefact Appellations (with “Portrait of Madeleine” as the preferred appellation (Artefact Appellation Precedence), “Former title displaying insensitive racial language” Annotation; the former title as a non-preferred appellation (Artefact Appellation Precedence), “Now titled Portrait of Madeleine” Annotation; “Portrait d’une femme noire”, non-preferred appellation (Artefact Appellation Precedence), “Former title displaying insensitive racial language” Annotation), but a Curatorial Note Content might also be used on the Actor “Madeleine” who is depicted (“Sitter in Portrait of Madeleine, former title displaying insensitive racial language with the sitter identified as being named “Madeleine” by Viktoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff”). The same Curatorial Note Content could also be applied to Marie-Guillemine Benoist. Whether the Curatorial Note Content is related to the artist, the person depicted, or both, depends on the provider’s wording (Schmidt-Linsenhoff 2013; Waller 2018). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Curatorial Note Content: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field is meant for information associated with an actor that cannot be recorded otherwise. Annotations that pertain to the model itself and arise during the mapping process (e.g. data quality assessments, modelling, and/or mapping issues, documentation, information that the provider wishes to submit alongside the dataset) should be recorded using the Annotation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020a, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020b, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020c, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020d, Berlin and Baird 2014, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2013, Free Dictionary 2020a, Free Dictionary 2020b, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. P3 Has Note, Schmidt-Linsenhoff 2013, Waller 2018, Wikipedia 2019as, Wikipedia 2019av, Wikipedia 2019aw, Wikipedia 2019ax, Wikipedia 2022e, Wikipedia 2022k, Wikipedia 2022l |
Curatorial Note Author Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which the actor (person or group) responsible for the intellectual content and general composition of the Curatorial Note Content, whether it was originally intended for publication or not, is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | E39_Actor |
| Dependency·ies | Curatorial Note Content |
| Related SQN·s | Curatorial Note: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Curatorial Note”]) -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P14_carried_out_by -> crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Curatorial Note |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Greg A. Hill (Curatorial Note Author Appellation), as Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada, might want to comment on an actor. |
| Edge Case·s | Institutions might want to indicate the position of the author rather than their name. For example “Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada” rather than “Greg A. Hill” (Actor Appellation). It is also possible the author of the note would want to add a bibliographical mention to keep track of the fact that he is not the author of the text but of the note. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Curatorial Note Author Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part and Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Curatorial Note Author Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Curatorial Note pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of a curatorial note 123, the appellation of the author who wrote the curatorial note (person ABC) must be registered using the Curatorial Note Author Appellation entry node. However, if person ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, their appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2020f, Farlex 2020, Wikipedia 2020b |
Curatorial Note Language
| Scope | This field indicates the natural language the Curatorial Note Content is written in. |
| Generated Bond·s | E56_Language |
| Dependency·ies | Curatorial Note Content |
| Related SQN·s | Curatorial Note: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Curatorial Note”]) -> crm:P72_has_language -> crm:E56_Language |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Curatorial Note |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | The note “Rebecca Belmore was the first Indigenous woman to present at the Canadian pavilion of the Venice Biennale in 2005” (Curatorial Note Content) is written in English (Curatorial Note Language) (Berlin and Baird 2014). |
| Edge Case·s | Bilingual considerations could apply to curatorial note contents as well so that it would either be two Curatorial Note Content nodes with the corresponding Language node for each, or one Curatorial Note Content node with two Language nodes. Some text can be written in a specific dialect of a language (French-Canadian can be considered as a French dialect). Both languages and dialects are valid values, the choice between documenting either of them depends on the vocabulary that is used by an institution. Some text can be written in non-natural languages, such as constructed languages (e.g. quenya created by J. R. R. Tolkien), formal languages (e.g. binary, mathematics, etc.), or symbolic languages (e.g. emojis), for example, an artist that would use @ID as their name. The choice of documenting non-natural languages depends on the vocabulary that is used by an institution, although it goes against the scope of the class E56_Language. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Curatorial Note Language: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminologies (such as ISO 639-3) as well as UTF-8 compliant languages can be used. The language of the Curatorial Note Content can differ from that of the Curatorial Note Language (for example, the Curatorial Note Content can be “ᐃᓱᒪ”, yet the the label of Curatorial Note Language can be “Inuktitut” rather than “ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ”). Writing systems (e.g. latin, arabic, hanzi, etc.) are not documented in the Target Model Specification and should not be confused with languages. If the language is difficult to identify, it is best to leave the node empty. |
| Reference·s | Berlin and Baird 2014, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E56 Language, Wikipedia 2019ae |
Dataset Creation Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the creation of a dataset may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Dataset Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Ingenium (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) submitted a dataset (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Provider”) to the Canadian Heritage Information Network (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) who then mapped the data to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Creator”) and generated an RDF graph on 2021-01-02 (Dataset Creation Date Begin “2021-01-02T00:00:00”; Dataset Creation Date End “2021-01-02T23:59:59”). |
| Edge Case·s | In the case of a single provider sending multiple and separate files of their dataset (such as one for the groups and one for the persons), it is either possible to create a named graph for each file, or unite them in a single named graph. The first option provides a more granular description of the provider’s data, especially if the files contain different provenance information (such as creation and/or update dates). The second option helps simplify the named graph management by reducing the number of named graphs. Therefore, the choice between documenting the submission of new data about a specific entity as a new named graph or as further provenance information on the record can become difficult to make depending on the ecosystem governance in place. As another example, in a context where a museum offers a crowdsourcing platform to enrich its content and an independent expert contributes to a record, the data provider could include the provenance of this information in the Record Provenance pattern, but could also prefer that external data be managed in a different named graph. As such, there could be a named graph that only represents the information submitted by the external expert. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dataset Creation Date Begin: CHIN/Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The creation of a dataset means the mapping of provided data by an institution to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification and its conversion to RDF format. This indicates that the dataset was created by CHIN or any other institution who generated the RDF graph. Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with Dataset Creation Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Semantic Web Interest Group 2019, Wikipedia 2019d |
Dataset Creation Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the creation of a dataset may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Dataset Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Ingenium (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) submitted a dataset (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Provider”) to Canadian Heritage Information Network (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) who then mapped the data to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Creator”) and generated an RDF graph on 2021-01-02 (Dataset Creation Date Begin “2021-01-02T00:00:00”; Dataset Creation Date End “2021-01-02T23:59:59”). |
| Edge Case·s | In the case of a single provider sending multiple and separate files of their dataset (such as one for the groups and one for the persons), it is either possible to create a named graph for each file or unite them in a single named graph. The first option provides a more granular description of the provider’s data, especially if the files contain different provenance information (such as creation and/or update dates). The second option helps simplify the named graph management by reducing the number of named graphs. Therefore, the choice between documenting the submission of new data about a specific entity as a new named graph or as further provenance information on the record can become difficult to make depending on the ecosystem governance in place. As another example, in a context where a museum offers a crowdsourcing platform to enrich its content and an independent expert contributes to a record, the data provider could include the provenance of this information in the Record Provenance pattern, but could also prefer that external data be managed in a different named graph. As such, there could be a named graph that only represents the information submitted by the external expert. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dataset Creation Date End: CHIN/Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The creation of a dataset means the mapping of provided data by an institution to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification and its conversion to RDF format. This indicates that the dataset was created by CHIN or any other institution who generated the RDF graph. Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Dataset Creation Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Semantic Web Interest Group 2019, Wikipedia 2019d |
Dataset Creation Participant Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor (person or group) participating in the creation of a dataset is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying and agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P01i_is_domain_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P02_has_range -> crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Dataset Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Ingenium (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) submitted a dataset (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Provider”) to Canadian Heritage Information Network (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) who then mapped the data to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Creator”) and generated an RDF graph on 2021-01-02 (Dataset Creation Date Begin “2021-01-02T00:00:00”; Dataset Creation Date End “2021-01-02T23:59:59”). |
| Edge Case·s | In the case of a single provider sending multiple and separate files of their dataset (such as one for the groups and one for the persons), it is either possible to create a named graph for each file or unite them in a single named graph. The first option provides a more granular description of the provider’s data, especially if the files contain different provenance information (such as creation and/or update dates). The second option helps simplify the named graph management by reducing the number of named graphs. Therefore, the choice between documenting the submission of new data about a specific entity as a new named graph or as further provenance information on the record can become difficult to make depending on the ecosystem governance in place. As another example, in a context where a museum offers a crowdsourcing platform to enrich its content and an independent expert contributes to a record, the data provider could include the provenance of this information in the Record Provenance pattern, but could also prefer that external data be managed in a different named graph. As such, there could be a named graph that only represents the information submitted by the external expert. A single institution might have more than a single Dataset Creation Participant Appellation as well and, in this case, CHIN would have to determine which one it will use. For example, a dataset coming from the Canada Science and Technology Museum (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) could also be considered to come from Ingenium (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation). Museums can be considered actors just as much as dataset creation participants so that where to apply annotations and curatorial notes might be tricky in specific cases such as changes that were brought to the name (e.g. Ingenium). For example, if Ingenium provided datasets prior to 2018 under their previous Appellation Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation and are now providing under Ingenium, CHIN will have to determine which Dataset Creation Participant Appellation to use for a single ID, whether to have two Dataset Creation Participant Appellations (each linked to a Dataset Provider ID) or when to use which Dataset Provider Appellation with the single Dataset Provider ID, as well as how to display that information. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dataset Creation Participant Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The creation of a dataset means the mapping of provided data by an institution to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification and its conversion to RDF format. This field is mandatory and enables the identification of all institutions involved in the dataset creation, from provider to creator, and whether it is an aggregator (e.g. NovaMuse, Canadian Heritage Information Network) or a GLAM (e.g. National Gallery of Canada). This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Dataset Provenance pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the creation of a dataset 123, the appellation of the institution that provided the data (institution ABC) must be registered using the Dataset Creation Participant Appellation entry node. However, if institution ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, its appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation |
Dataset Creation Participant Role
| Scope | This field indicates the parts, activities, functions, and duties endorsed by an actor with regards to the creation of a dataset. These reflect a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms expected from both parties and reflected in the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Dataset Creation Participant Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crmdig:D1_Digital_Object -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P01i_is_domain_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Dataset Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Ingenium (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) submitted a dataset (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Provider”) to Canadian Heritage Information Network (Dataset Creation Participant Appellation) who then mapped the data to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification (Dataset Creation Participant Role “Creator”) and generated an RDF graph on 2021-01-02 (Dataset Creation Date Begin “2021-01-02T00:00:00”; Dataset Creation Date End “2021-01-02T23:59:59”). |
| Edge Case·s | In the case of a single provider sending multiple and separate files of their dataset (such as one for the groups and one for the persons), it is either possible to create a named graph for each file or unite them in a single named graph. The first option provides a more granular description of the provider’s data, especially if the files contain different provenance information (such as creation and/or update dates). The second option helps simplify the named graph management by reducing the number of named graphs. Therefore, the choice between documenting the submission of new data about a specific entity as a new named graph or as further provenance information on the record can become difficult to make depending on the ecosystem governance in place. As another example, in a context where a museum offers a crowdsourcing platform to enrich its content and an independent expert contributes to a record, the data provider could include the provenance of this information in the Record Provenance pattern, but could also prefer that external data be managed in a different named graph. As such, there could be a named graph that only represents the information submitted by the external expert. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dataset Creation Participant Role: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | Dataset Creation Participant Role CHIN Internal Thesaurus |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The creation of a dataset means the mapping of provided data by an institution to DOPHEDA’s Target Model Specification and its conversion to RDF format. Thus, there are two main roles in the creation of a dataset: the Provider of the raw dataset and the Creator of the RDF graph. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019l, Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Free Dictionary 2019l, Masolo et al. 2004, Wenglinsky 2017, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2019n |
Death Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person’s permanent cessation of all sustaining biological functions may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P100i_died_in -> crm:E69_Death -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jackson Beardy died on 1984-12-07 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Death Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Death Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019u, Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019v, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E69 Death, Wikipedia 2019y |
Death Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person’s permanent cessation of all sustaining biological functions may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Death Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P100i_died_in -> crm:E69_Death -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jackson Beardy died on 1984-12-07 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Death Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Death Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of a person’s permanent cessation of all sustaining biological functions may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P100i_died_in -> crm:E69_Death -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jackson Beardy died on 1984-12-07 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Death Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Death Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019u, Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019v, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E69 Death, Wikipedia 2019y |
Death Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of a person’s permanent cessation of all sustaining biological functions may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Death Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P100i_died_in -> crm:E69_Death -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Jackson Beardy died on 1984-12-07 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Death Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Death Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s of a person’s permanent cessation of all sustaining biological functions. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P100i_died_in -> crm:E69_Death -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). |
| Edge Case·s | Maud Kathleen Lewis was born in her South Ohio, NS (Birth Place) childhood home to John Dowley (Father Appellation) and Agnes Dowley (Mother Appellation) (Art Gallery of Nova Scotia n.d.). In addition to documenting the municipality where she was born, an institution might want to record that “she was born in her childhood home”. The latter could be considered a Curatorial Note about Maud Kathleen Lewis. The same would apply to the death of a person happening in their childhood home. The Unknown Soldier (Actor Appellation) died in France as a soldier during the First World War. Their death occurred between the 3rd of October, 1914 (when the first Canadian contingent sailed for Europe) and the 11th of November, 1918 (when Canadians’ direct involvement in the fight ended), though the war ended officially with the Treaty of Versailles on the 28th of June, 1919. They were buried at the Cabaret-Rouge War Cemetery near Vimy (France) before their remains were moved in a commemorative sarcophagus in Ottawa (ON, Canada). In the DOPHEDA model, their move from their place of death to their burial place would not represent their passage in Cabaret-Rouge and only indicate a move from France (where they died between 1914 and 1918) to Canada in 2000 (Foot 2018). Ramses II died around 1213 BCE according to Egyptian chronology (Hornung et al. 2006, 476-478). His body was embalmed and deposited in tomb KV7 in the Valley of Kings (modern-day Egypt), but was soon moved and transferred into other tombs by Egyptian priests to protect it from looting. The body was finally uncovered in tomb TT320 in 1881 (Wikipedia 2021d). In this example, the mummy transferred, or at least discovered by archæologists, should not be considered a person ( E21_Person) but rather a biological object (E20_Biological_Object) which can be moved. At the moment, this kind of transformation cannot be documented with this entry node. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Death Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single death can be linked to several Death Places, either because there is conflicting data or because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time. |
| Reference·s | Art Gallery of Nova Scotia n.d., Baldissera 2015, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Foot 2018, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Hornung et al. 2006, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2021d |
Dissolution Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of a group’s permanent cessation of all sustaining organizational functions (i.e. for organizations, formal or informal dismissal of the partnership and all matters pertaining to it) may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P99i_was_dissolved_by -> crm:E68_Dissolution -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974 CE. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the dissolution of the company is unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dissolution Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Dissolution Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019v, Free Dictionary 2019w, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E68 Dissolution, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016 Wikipedia 2019g, Wikipedia 2021e, Wikipedia 2022f |
Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of a group’s permanent cessation of all sustaining organizational functions (i.e. for organizations, formal or informal dismissal of the partnership and all matters pertaining to it) may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Dissolution Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P99i_was_dissolved_by -> crm:E68_Dissolution -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2022f |
Dissolution Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of a group’s permanent cessation of all sustaining organizational functions (i.e. for organizations, formal or informal dismissal of the partnership and all matters pertaining to it) may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P99i_was_dissolved_by -> crm:E68_Dissolution -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974 CE. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the dissolution of the company is unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dissolution Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Dissolution Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019v, Free Dictionary 2019w, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E68 Dissolution, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019g, Wikipedia 2021e, Wikipedia 2022f |
Dissolution Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of a group’s permanent cessation of all sustaining organizational functions (i.e. for organizations, formal or informal dismissal of the partnership and all matters pertaining to it) may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Dissolution Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P99i_was_dissolved_by -> crm:E68_Dissolution -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dissolution Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2022f |
Dissolution Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s of a group’s permanent cessation of all sustaining organizational functions (i.e. for organizations, formal or informal dismissal of the partnership and all matters pertaining to it). |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P99i_was_dissolved_by -> crm:E68_Dissolution -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | A group might not have a single Dissolution Place as its members can consider themselves part of a collective without sharing a common space. When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it could become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might found a purely online group from a computer in Winnipeg (MB, Canada) yet use a gathering platform accessible on a web server that could also be considered as the location of the formation of the group. The location of each member can similarly be problematic (e.g. each participating player’s physical location in an online game). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dissolution Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single dissolution can be associated with several Dissolution Places, either because there is conflicting data, because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or because the dissolution happened in multiple places at once. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, McGregor 2013, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2022f |
Dissolving Actor Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which the actor (person or another group) in charge of or responsible for the group’s dissolution is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P99i_was_dissolved_by -> crm:E68_Dissolution -> crm:P14_carried_out_by -> crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). |
| Edge Case·s | If a war artist was assigned the number M32 435 C84 (his military registration number), this number would qualify as an Actor Appellation and the Actor Appellation Type would be “Military Registration Number” or “Military ID”. If the War Museum is related to the Department of National Defence or uses these numbers to identify artists, this number would qualify both as an Actor Appellation (the number assigned by the Department of Defence) and as an Actor ID (the same number used by the War Museum). The French appellation of Power Corporation of Canada is Power Corporation du Canada. An institution wanting to record both these appellations could either create two Actor Appellations (one for Power Corporation of Canada indicated as English in the Actor Appellation Language node, and one for Power Corporation du Canada indicated as French in the Actor Appellation Language node) or a single, bilingual one (Power Corporation of Canada/Power Corporation du Canada). The same applies to many governmental bodies in Canada such as PCH Canadian Heritage/Patrimoine canadien where, in addition, the question of the language of the acronym is unclear: if PCH is the Actor Appellation with an Actor Appellation Type labelled “Acronym”, it is possible to consider this as a single, bilingual appellation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Dissolving Actor Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Dissolving Actor Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Formation and Dissolution of a Group pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the dissolution of a group 123, the appellation of the person that was responsible for it (person ABC) must be registered using the Dissolving Actor Appellation entry node. However, if person ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, their appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019o, Free Dictionary 2019p, Wikipedia 2019c, Wikipedia 2022f |
Family Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which a family is distinguished from others, such as its name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | Family: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> P144_joined_with -> crm:E74_Group (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Family”]) -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The scope of the class E74_Group dictates that a family is a gathering of individuals that can act collectively (Bekiari et al. 2021, 44-45). However, other groups, either formal or informal, could be considered as comparable to a family (e.g. when individuals raise a child that is not formally adopted, or a group of very close friends). Whether or not such groups should be documented using the Family Belonging pattern or the Group Belonging pattern is determined by the cataloguer or data expert as the distinction between these two patterns can be blurry.If a war artist was assigned the number M32 435 C84 (his military registration number), this number would qualify as an Actor Appellation and the Actor Appellation Type would be “Military Registration Number” or “Military ID”. If the War Museum is related to the Department of National Defence or uses these numbers to identify artists, this number would qualify both as an Actor Appellation (the number assigned by the Department of Defence) and as an Actor ID (the same number used by the War Museum). The French appellation of Power Corporation of Canada is Power Corporation du Canada. An institution wanting to record both these appellations could either create two Actor Appellations (one for Power Corporation of Canada indicated as English in the Actor Appellation Language node, and one for Power Corporation du Canada indicated as French in the Actor Appellation Language node) or a single, bilingual one (Power Corporation of Canada/Power Corporation du Canada). The same applies to many governmental bodies in Canada such as PCH Canadian Heritage/Patrimoine canadien where, in addition, the question of the language of the acronym is unclear: if PCH is the Actor Appellation with an Actor Appellation Type labelled “Acronym”, it is possible to consider this as a single, bilingual appellation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The concept of “family” can vary temporally, but it can also vary socially as different practices and beliefs can coexist or be opposed, either from one family to another or amongst cultures. The definition of family is therefore manifold as well as subject to change. Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Family Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2021, Bekiari et al. 2021, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation |
Family Joining Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person becoming a member of a family, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic ValuationLow: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
|
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Joining Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Family Joining Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019aa, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E85 Joining |
Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person becoming a member of a family, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Joining Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Family Joining Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of a person becoming a member of a family, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Joining Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Family Joining Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019aa, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E85 Joining |
Family Joining Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of a person becoming a member of a family, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Joining Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur “before 1950”, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates data are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would still require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Joining Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Family Leaving Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person dissociating from a family, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Leaving Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Family Leaving Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ab, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E86 Leaving |
Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of a person dissociating from a family, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Leaving Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Family Leaving Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of a person dissociating from a family, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Leaving Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Family Leaving Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ab, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E86 Leaving |
Family Leaving Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of a person dissociating from a family, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Family Leaving Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Family Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh became a member of the Karsh (Family Appellation) family by birth on 1908-12-23 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier) and left the family by death on 2002-07-13 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). In 1981 (Family Joining Date Begin; Family Joining Date End) CE (Family Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Family Joining Date End Qualifier), Lady Diana Spencer (Actor Appellation) joined the British royal (Family Appellation) family by marrying Charles, Prince of Wales; she can be considered to have left the family through divorce in 1996 (Family Leaving Date Begin; Family Leaving Date End) CE (Family Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Family Leaving Date End Qualifier). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Family Leaving Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Father Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor’s biological father is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P97_from_father -> crm:E21_Person -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Diplomat Peter Dale Scott was born to painter Marian Mildred Dale Scott (Mother Appellation) and poet and law professor Francis Reginald Scott (Father Appellation) (Wikipedia 2022g). |
| Edge Case·s | TBD |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Father Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | A biological father is understood to be the male genetic contributor to the creation of the infant through sexual intercourse or sperm donation. For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Father Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Birth and Death of a Person pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the birth of a person 123, the appellation of the father (person ABC) must be registered using the Father Appellation entry node. However, if person ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, their appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019n, Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Free Dictionary 2019o, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. P97 from Father, Wikipedia 2019ab, Wikipedia 2022g |
Final Disposition Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s where the deceased has been laid, usually following or in the context of funeral rites such as cremation, burial, or mummification. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | Burial Place: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P100i_died_in -> crm:E69_Death -> crmarchaeo:AP28_occurs_before -> crm:E9_Move -> crm:P26_moved_to -> crm:E53_Place (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Burial Place”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Émile Nelligan is buried in the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery in Montreal, QC (Final Disposition Place). |
| Edge Case·s | The Unknown Soldier died in France as a soldier during the First World War. They were buried at the Cabaret-Rouge War Cemetery near Vimy (France) before their remains were moved in a commemorative sarcophagus in Ottawa (ON, Canada). In the DOPHEDA model, their move from their place of death to their burial place would not represent their passage in Cabaret-Rouge and only indicate a move from France (where they died between 1914 and 1918) to Canada (in 2000) (Foot 2018). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Final Disposition Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single move can be linked to several Final Disposition Places, either because there are conflicting data, different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or that the move happened in multiple places during the same time-span (e.g. a deceased’s ashes might have been laid in several locations). |
| Reference·s | Baldissera 2015, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Foot 2018, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am |
Flourishing Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when an actor’s period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence within a specific field, thanks to having achieved full development or success, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Flourishing: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Flourishing”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Flourishing |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Tom Thomson’s artistic peak is considered to have occurred in Canada (Flourishing Place) and have run from March 1916 (Flourishing Date Begin) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier) until his death on July 8, 1917 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date End Qualifier). During this period, Thomson mostly painted the Ontario landscape as he travelled across the province (Silcox 2015, 16). Cyril Henry Barraud, an English painter who participated in World War I as a war artist for the Canadian army, is considered by Artists in Canada to have flourished between 1913 (Flourishing Date Begin) and 1915 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier; Flourishing Date End Qualifier) in Ontario, Canada (Flourishing Place) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021). Yousuf Karsh is considered to have been one of the most important photographers during the peak of photojournalism in the 1940s (Flourishing Date Begin “1940-01-01T00:00:00”) and 1950s (Flourishing Date End “1959-12-31T23:59:59”), working with such magazines as Life (Allen 2014). |
| Edge Case·s | There are three main cases where there could be more than a single flourishing for an artist: flourishing in different fields, in different mediums, and in a single field and medium interspersed by calmer periods of production. For example, Marc Séguin has had success both in visual, literary, and cinematographic endeavours. How would each of these flourishings be represented is unclear. Jean Paul Riopelle’s sculptural flourishing would be considered different from his painting flourishing. Finally, an artist could have more than one important flourishing in a single domain with a long period of inactivity in between. For example, Harper Lee was widely recognized as an accomplished author after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, but published very little for a long period of time before writing its sequel Go Set a Watchman (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021). This could either be considered to be a long period of flourishing spanning the majority of her career as a writer, or two related flourishing periods apart. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Flourishing Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Flourishing Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Allen 2014, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 20121, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021, Hart 2019/2020, Silcox 2015, 16 |
Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when an actor’s period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence within a specific field, thanks to having achieved full development or success, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Flourishing Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | Flourishing: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Flourishing”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Flourishing |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Tom Thomson’s artistic peak is considered to run from March 1916 (Flourishing Date Begin) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier) until his death on July 8, 1917 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date End Qualifier). During this period, Thomson mostly painted the Ontario (Flourishing Place) landscape as he travelled across the province (Silcox 2015, 16). Cyril Henry Barraud, an English painter who participated in World War I as a war artist for the Canadian army, is considered by Artists in Canada to have flourished between 1913 (Flourishing Date Begin) and 1915 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier; Flourishing Date End Qualifier) in Ontario, Canada (Flourishing Place) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021). |
| Edge Case·s | There are three main cases where there could be more than a single flourishing for an artist: flourishing in different fields, in different mediums, and in a single field and medium interspersed by calmer periods of production. For example, Marc Séguin has had success both in visual, literary, and cinematographic endeavours. How would each of these flourishings be represented is unclear. Jean Paul Riopelle’s sculptural flourishing would be considered different from his painting flourishing. Finally, an artist could have more than one important flourishing in a single domain with a long period of inactivity in between. For example, Harper Lee was widely recognized as an accomplished author after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, but published very little for a long period of time before writing its sequel Go Set a Watchman (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021). This could either be considered to be a long period of flourishing spanning the majority of her career as a writer, or two related flourishing periods apart. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021, Hart 2019/2020, Silcox 2015, 16, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Flourishing Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when an actor’s period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence within a specific field, thanks to having achieved full development or success, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Flourishing: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Flourishing”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Flourishing |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Tom Thomson’s artistic peak is considered to run from March 1916 (Flourishing Date Begin) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier) until his death on July 8, 1917 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date End Qualifier). During this period, Thomson mostly painted the Ontario (Flourishing Place) landscape as he travelled across the province (Silcox 2015, 16). Cyril Henry Barraud, an English painter who participated in World War I as a war artist for the Canadian army, is considered by Artists in Canada to have flourished between 1913 (Flourishing Date Begin) and 1915 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier; Flourishing Date End Qualifier) in Ontario, Canada (Flourishing Place) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021). Yousuf Karsh is considered to have been one of the most important photographers during the peak of photojournalism in the 1940s (Flourishing Date Begin “1940-01-01T00:00:00”) and 1950s (Flourishing Date End “1959-12-31T23:59:59”), working with such magazines as Life and other venues (Allen 2014). |
| Edge Case·s | There are three main cases where there could be more than a single flourishing for an artist: flourishing in different fields, in different mediums, and in a single field and medium interspersed by calmer periods of production. For example, Marc Séguin has had success both in visual, literary, and cinematographic endeavours. How would each of these flourishings be represented is unclear. Jean Paul Riopelle’s sculptural flourishing would be considered different from his painting flourishing. Finally, an artist could have more than one important flourishing in a single domain with a long period of inactivity in between. For example, Harper Lee was widely recognized as an accomplished author after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, but published very little for a long period of time before writing its sequel Go Set a Watchman (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021). This could either be considered to be a long period of flourishing spanning the majority of her career as a writer, or two related flourishing periods apart. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Flourishing Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Flourishing Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Allen 2014, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021, Hart 2019/2020, Silcox 2015, 16 |
Flourishing Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when an actor’s period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence within a specific field, thanks to having achieved full development or success, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Flourishing Date End |
| Related SQN·s | Flourishing: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Flourishing”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Flourishing |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Tom Thomson’s artistic peak is considered to run from March 1916 (Flourishing Date Begin) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier) until his death on July 8, 1917 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date End Qualifier). During this period, Thomson mostly painted the Ontario (Flourishing Place) landscape as he travelled across the province (Silcox 2015, 16). Cyril Henry Barraud, an English painter who participated in World War I as a war artist for the Canadian army, is considered by Artists in Canada to have flourished between 1913 (Flourishing Date Begin) and 1915 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier; Flourishing Date End Qualifier) in Ontario, Canada (Flourishing Place) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021). |
| Edge Case·s | There are three main cases where there could be more than a single flourishing for an artist: flourishing in different fields, in different mediums, and in a single field and medium interspersed by calmer periods of production. For example, Marc Séguin has had success both in visual, literary, and cinematographic endeavours. How would each of these flourishings be represented is unclear. Jean Paul Riopelle’s sculptural flourishing would be considered different from his painting flourishing. Finally, an artist could have more than one important flourishing in a single domain with a long period of inactivity in between. For example, Harper Lee was widely recognized as an accomplished author after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, but published very little for a long period of time before writing its sequel Go Set a Watchman (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021). This could either be considered to be a long period of flourishing spanning the majority of her career as a writer, or two related flourishing periods apart. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Flourishing Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021, Hart 2019/2020, Silcox 2015, 16, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w |
Flourishing Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s in which an actor had their period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence within a specific field thanks to having achieved full development or success. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Flourishing: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Flourishing”]) -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Flourishing |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Tom Thomson’s artistic peak is considered to run from March 1916 (Flourishing Date Begin) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier) until his death on July 8, 1917 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date End Qualifier). During this period, Thomson mostly painted the Ontario (Flourishing Place) landscape as he travelled across the province (Silcox 2015, 16). Cyril Henry Barraud, an English painter who participated in World War I as a war artist for the Canadian army, is considered by Artists in Canada to have flourished between 1913 (Flourishing Date Begin) and 1915 (Flourishing Date End) CE (Flourishing Date Begin Qualifier; Flourishing Date End Qualifier) in Ontario, Canada (Flourishing Place) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021). |
| Edge Case·s | When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it can become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might have flourished entirely online and the web server or platform on which they worked could also be considered as the location of their flourishing. There are three main cases where there could be more than a single flourishing for an artist: flourishing in different fields, in different mediums, and in a single field and medium interspersed by calmer periods of production. For example, Marc Séguin has had success both in visual, literary, and cinematographic endeavours. How would each of these flourishings be represented is unclear. Jean Paul Riopelle’s sculptural flourishing would be considered different from his painting flourishing. Finally, an artist could have more than one important flourishing in a single domain with a long period of inactivity in between. For example, Harper Lee was widely recognized as an accomplished author after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, but published very little for a long period of time before writing its sequel Go Set a Watchman (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021). This could either be considered to be a long period of flourishing spanning the majority of her career as a writer, or two related flourishing periods apart. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Flourishing Date Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single flourishing event can be linked to several Flourishing Places, either because there are conflicting data, because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or because the flourishing event happened in multiple places at once. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2021, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2021, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Silcox 2015, 16, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am |
Formation Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of a group’s organizational coming into existence in the world may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P95i_was_formed_by -> crm:E66_Formation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | In 2008, Yousuf Karsh’s wife, Estrellita Karsh, endowed the Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs position at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (MA, United States). The curators that endorsed that position formed a group by the name “Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs”, which is also an occupation they have all held (using the Occupation pattern would be possible, but the group would never be “created”). The endowment is ongoing and, as such, the group remains active (Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021). Yet, an important question remains: can the members of the group (i.e. the curators) act collectively (thus qualifying as a group) even if only one of them endorses the title at once? In this context, how to treat the group remains unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Formation Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Formation Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019w, Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021, Free Dictionary 2019x, Free Dictionary 2019y, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E66 Formation, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2022f |
Formation Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of a group’s organizational coming into existence in the world may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Formation Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P95i_was_formed_by -> crm:E66_Formation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | In 2008, Yousuf Karsh’s wife, Estrellita Karsh, endowed the Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs position at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (MA, United States). The curators that endorsed that position formed a group by the name “Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs”, which is also an occupation they have all held (using the Occupation pattern would be possible, but the group would never be “created”). The endowment is ongoing and, as such, the group remains active (Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021). Yet, an important question remains: can the members of the group (i.e. the curators) act collectively (thus qualifying as a group) even if only one of them endorses the title at once? In this context, how to treat the group remains unclear. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Formation Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021, Hart 2019/2020, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2022f |
Formation Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of a group’s organizational coming into existence in the world may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P95i_was_formed_by -> crm:E66_Formation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | In 2008, Yousuf Karsh’s wife, Estrellita Karsh, endowed the Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs position at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (MA, United States). The curators that endorsed that position formed a group by the name “Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs”, which is also an occupation they have all held (using the Occupation pattern would be possible, but the group would never be “created”). The endowment is ongoing and, as such, the group remains active (Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021). Yet, an important question remains: can the members of the group (i.e. the curators) act collectively (thus qualifying as a group) even if only one of them endorses the title at once? In this context, how to treat the group remains unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Formation Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field does not document the end of the life of the group, but the end of its formation. In most cases, Formation Date Begin will be the same as Formation Date End except in instances when the formation started on a specific date (e.g. 1959-07-19) and finished on another (e.g. 1959-07-20). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Formation Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019w, Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021, Free Dictionary 2019x, Free Dictionary 2019y, Hart 2019/2020, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E66 Formation, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2022f |
Formation Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of a group’s organizational coming into existence in the world may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Formation Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P95i_was_formed_by -> crm:E66_Formation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | In 2008, Yousuf Karsh’s wife, Estrellita Karsh, endowed the Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs position at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (MA, United States). The curators that endorsed that position formed a group by the name “Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs”, which is also an occupation they have all held (using the Occupation pattern would be possible, but the group would never be “created”). The endowment is ongoing and, as such, the group remains active (Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021). Yet, an important question remains: can the members of the group (i.e. the curators) act collectively (thus qualifying as a group) even if only one of them endorses the title at once? In this context, how to treat the group remains unclear. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Formation Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021, Hart 2019/2020, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2022f |
Formation Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s of a group’s organizational coming into existence in the world. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P95i_was_formed_by -> crm:E66_Formation -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | A group might not have a single Formation Place as its members can consider themselves part of a collective without sharing a common space. When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it could become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might found a purely online group from a computer in Winnipeg (MB, Canada) yet use a gathering platform accessible on a web server that could also be considered as the location of the formation of the group. The location of each member can similarly be problematic (e.g. each participating player’s physical location in an online game). In 2008, Yousuf Karsh’s wife, Estrellita Karsh, endowed the Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs position at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (MA, United States). The curators that endorsed that position formed a group by the name “Estrellita and Yousuf Karsh Assistant Curator of Photographs”, which is also an occupation they have all held (using the Occupation pattern would be possible, but the group would never be “created”). The endowment is ongoing and, as such, the group remains active (Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021). Yet, an important question remains: can the members of the group (i.e. the curators) act collectively (thus qualifying as a group) even if only one of them endorses the title at once? In this context, how to treat the group remains unclear. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Formation Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single formation can be associated with several Formation Places, either because there is conflicting data, because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or because the formation happened in multiple places at once. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Estate of Yousuf Karsh 2021, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, McGregor 2013, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2022f |
Founding Actor Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor (person or group) mainly responsible for the forming of the group, though they might not be a member of the group, is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. Their appellation is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E74_Group |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E74_Group -> crm:P95i_was_formed_by -> crm:E66_Formation -> crm:P14_carried_out_by -> crm:E21_Person -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Formation and Dissolution of a Group |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Atari (Actor Appellation) was founded on June 27, 1972 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by Nolan Bushnell (Founding Actor Appellation) and Ted Dabney (Founding Actor Appellation) in California (United States) (Formation Place). James M. Morgan (Dissolving Actor Appellation) was the CEO of Atari from 1983 until its dissolution on July 3, 1984 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in California (United States) (Dissolution Place) (Wikipedia 2022f). The Canadian Group of Painters (Actor Appellation) was formed in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place) in 1933 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) circa (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) by 28 canadian artists, among which A. J. Casson (Founding Actor Appellation) (depicted alone in the following example for simplicity purposes). It was dissolved in 1969 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) at an unknown place by an unknown actor (Toronto Public Library 2016). The Conservatory String Quartet (Actor Appellation) was founded by Elie Spivak (Founding Actor Appellation) in 1929 (Formation Date Begin; Formation Date End) CE (Formation Date Begin Qualifier; Formation Date End Qualifier) in Toronto (ON, Canada) (Formation Place). The quartet was dissolved in 1946 (Dissolution Date Begin; Dissolution Date End) CE (Dissolution Date Begin Qualifier; Dissolution Date End Qualifier) in Ontario (Canada) (Dissolution Place) due to severe illnesses affecting the remaining members of the group (McGregor 2013). |
| Edge Case·s | If a war artist was assigned the number M32 435 C84 (his military registration number), this number would qualify as an Actor Appellation and the Actor Appellation Type would be “Military Registration Number” or “Military ID”. If the War Museum is related to the Department of National Defence or uses these numbers to identify artists, this number would qualify both as an Actor Appellation (the number assigned by the Department of Defence) and as an Actor ID (the same number used by the War Museum). The French appellation of Power Corporation of Canada is Power Corporation du Canada. An institution wanting to record both these appellations could either create two Actor Appellations (one for Power Corporation of Canada indicated as English in the Actor Appellation Language node, and one for Power Corporation du Canada indicated as French in the Actor Appellation Language node) or a single, bilingual one (Power Corporation of Canada/Power Corporation du Canada). The same applies to many governmental bodies in Canada such as PCH Canadian Heritage/Patrimoine canadien where, in addition, the question of the language of the acronym is unclear: if PCH is the Actor Appellation with an Actor Appellation Type labelled “Acronym”, it is possible to consider this as a single, bilingual appellation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Founding Actor Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | An institution’s founder is understood to be the person who establishes it. Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Founding Actor Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Formation and Dissolution of a Group pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the foundation of a group 123, the appellation of the person that was responsible for it (person ABC) must be registered using the Founding Actor Appellation entry node. However, if person ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, their appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019o, Free Dictionary 2019p, McGregor 2013, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019c, Wikipedia 2022f |
Group Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which a group (formal or informal) is distinguished from others, such as its name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P01i_is_domain_of -> crm:PC144_joined_with -> crm:P02_has_range -> crm:E74_Group -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P146_separated_from -> crm:E74_Group -> rdfs:label -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | James M. Morgan (Actor Appellation) joined Atari (Group Appellation) in 1983 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) as the CEO (Group Member Role) until the dissolution of Atari on July 3, 1984 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) (Wikipedia 2022f). A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). Yousuf Karsh became a Companion (Group Member Role) of the Order of Canada (Group Appellation) in 1990 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The recipient of an award might be considered as part of a group that includes all of the recipients of this specific award, although it is not a formal group. In such a case, the founder of the group might be considered to be the first recipient just as much as the granting organism. For example, the Governor General’s Literary Awards were conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir who was then acting as 15th Governor General of Canada. He awarded the award for Fiction to Laura G. Salverson for The Dark Weaver, for Poetry of drama to E. J. Pratt for The Fable of the Goats, and for Non-fiction to Stephen Leacock for My Discovery of the West (Canada Council for the Arts n.d.). Considering the group would be the “Recipients of the Governor General of Canada Literary Awards”, the original founder·s could either be solely John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, or the first recipients, arguing they played a concrete role in the foundation of the group. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | A group is considered to be one or more people who·se work share·s similar characteristics sufficient to invest them with a sense of unity, common endeavour/objective, and/or consolidating relationship. Certain groups consist of solely one member, such as in the case of companies of small sizes (e.g. the company of a self-employed person). Official positions can be regarded in certain contexts as one actor and therefore documented as a group, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. The person in charge of this position would then be the sole member of this group. It could be possible, if the sole member of a group dies for instance, that a group would be without members. Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Group Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Group Belonging pattern. If the actor (the group in question) whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of an actor 123 belonging to a group ABC, the appellation of the latter group (group ABC) must be registered using the Group Appellation entry node. However, if group ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, its appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019t, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019x, Canada Council for the Arts n.d., Free Dictionary 2019z, Free Dictionary 2019af, Hillmer 2018, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E74 Group, Skidmore 2015, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019ak, Wikipedia 2019an, Wikipedia 2019ap, Wikipedia 2022f, Zemans 2015 |
Group Joining Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor becoming a member of a group, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | James M. Morgan (Actor Appellation) joined Atari (Group Appellation) in 1983 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) as the CEO (Group Member Role) until the dissolution of Atari on July 3, 1984 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) (Wikipedia 2022f). A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). Yousuf Karsh became a Companion (Group Member Role) of the Order of Canada (Group Appellation) in 1990 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Joining Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Group Joining Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019aa, Hillmer 2018, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E85 Joining, Skidmore 2015, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2021e, Wikipedia 2022f, Zemans 2015 |
Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor becoming a member of a group, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Joining Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low:The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). Yousuf Karsh became a Companion (Group Member Role) of the Order of Canada (Group Appellation) in 1990 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur “before 1950”, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates data are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would still require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Hillmer 2018, Skidmore 2015, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021e, Zemans 2015 |
Group Joining Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor becoming a member of a group, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | James M. Morgan (Actor Appellation) joined Atari (Group Appellation) in 1983 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) as the CEO (Group Member Role) until the dissolution of Atari on July 3, 1984 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) (Wikipedia 2022f). A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). Yousuf Karsh became a Companion (Group Member Role) of the Order of Canada (Group Appellation) in 1990 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Joining Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Group Joining Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019aa, Hillmer 2018, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E85 Joining, Skidmore 2015, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2021e, Wikipedia 2022f, Zemans 2015 |
Group Joining Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor becoming a member of a group, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Joining Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). Yousuf Karsh became a Companion (Group Member Role) of the Order of Canada (Group Appellation) in 1990 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Joining Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Hillmer 2018, Skidmore 2015, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021e, Zemans 2015 |
Group Leaving Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor dissociating from a group, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | James M. Morgan (Actor Appellation) joined Atari (Group Appellation) in 1983 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) as the CEO (Group Member Role) until the dissolution of Atari on July 3, 1984 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) (Wikipedia 2022f). A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Leaving Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Group Leaving Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ab, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E86 Leaving, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2021e, Wikipedia 2022f, Zemans 2015 |
Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor dissociating from a group, formally or informally, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Leaving Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, [Wikipedia 2021e](/collections-model/en/semantic-paths-specification/current/bibliography#wikipedia-2021e], Zemans 2015 |
Group Leaving Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor dissociating from a group, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | James M. Morgan (Actor Appellation) joined Atari (Group Appellation) in 1983 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) as the CEO (Group Member Role) until the dissolution of Atari on July 3, 1984 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) (Wikipedia 2022f). A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Leaving Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Group Leaving Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ab, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E86 Leaving, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2021e, Wikipedia 2022f, Zemans 2015 |
Group Leaving Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor dissociating from a group, formally or informally, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Group Leaving Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P145i_left_by -> crm:E86_Leaving -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | A. J. Casson (Actor Appellation) joined The Canadian Group of Painters (Group Appellation) in 1933 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) circa (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) until the dissolution of the group in 1969 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Toronto Public Library 2016). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The Abitibi Power and Paper Company was acquired by Price Brothers in 1974. Price Brothers was then merged with Stone Consolidated in 1997, which was in turn merged with Bowater to form AbitibiBowater in 2007, now known under Resolute Forest Products (Wikipedia 2021e). In the case of such mergers and acquisitions, what would be considered to be the leaving of a group and the joining of another, when the dissolution of the company itself is up for debate, would be unclear. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Leaving Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Toronto Public Library 2016, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021e, Zemans 2015 |
Group Member Role
| Scope | This field indicates the parts, activities, functions, and duties endorsed by the actor with regards to a related group with which they have dealings ranging in duration from brief to enduring. These reflect a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms expected from both parties and reflected in the contacts between them. They also reflect the way they behave towards each other, as well as being based on the function of the group and/or the mutual interest between its members. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Group Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P143i_was_joined_by -> crm:E85_Joining -> crm:P01i_is_domain_of -> crm:PC144_joined_with -> crm:P144.1_kind_of_member -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Group Belonging |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | James M. Morgan (Actor Appellation) joined Atari (Group Appellation) in 1983 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) as the CEO (Group Member Role) until the dissolution of Atari on July 3, 1984 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) (Wikipedia 2022f). Painters Eleven (Group Appellation) was a Torontonian artists group that emerged in the 1950s (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) and was composed of Jack Bush, Oscar Cahén, Hortense Gordon, Thomas Hodgson, Alexandra Luke, J.W.G. (“Jock”) Macdonald, Ray Mead, Kazuo Nakamura, William Ronald, Harold Town, and Walter Yarwood (Group Member Role “Member”). Following the death of Cahén, the move of Mead to Montreal, and the resignation of Ronald, the nine remaining artists decided to disband in 1960 (Group Leaving Date Begin; Group Leaving Date End) CE (Group Leaving Date Begin Qualifier; Group Leaving Date End Qualifier) (Zemans 2015). Yousuf Karsh became a Companion (Group Member Role) of the Order of Canada (Group Appellation) in 1990 (Group Joining Date Begin; Group Joining Date End) CE (Group Joining Date Begin Qualifier; Group Joining Date End Qualifier) (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | The recipient of an award might be considered as part of a group that includes all of the recipients of this specific award, although it is not a formal group. In such a case, the founder of the group might be considered to be the first recipient just as much as the granting organism. For example, the Governor General’s Literary Awards were conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir who was then acting as 15th Governor General of Canada. He awarded the award for Fiction to Laura G. Salverson for The Dark Weaver, for Poetry of drama to E.J. Pratt for The Fable of the Goats, and for Non-fiction to Stephen Leacock for My Discovery of the West (Canada Council for the Arts n.d.). Considering the group would be the “Recipients of the Governor General of Canada Literary Awards”, the original founder·s could either be solely John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, or the first recipients, arguing they played a concrete role in the foundation of the group. It could be argued that a person’s role within a family could remain the same no matter the current members of the family. For instance, an adopted child could be documented as bearing the role “Adopted” with the whole family group. In such a case, it would imply the use of the Group belonging pattern and the addition of the family type to the group. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Group Member Role: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | TBD |
| Reference·s | Canada Council for the Arts n.d., Free Dictionary 2019ac, Free Dictionary 2019ad, Free Dictionary 2019af, Hillmer 2018, Skidmore 2015, Wikipedia 2022f, Zemans 2015 |
Image Bibliographical Mention
| Scope | This field designates the informational statement appended to an image for substantiation, authenticity, and credit attribution. It provides relevant information to cite the image such as creator, year of creation, title, etc. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Image URL |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P138i_has_representation -> crm:E36_Visual_Item -> dct:source -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Visual Item |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string of a bibliographic mention that follows a citation convention that is not the one adopted by CHIN. Accepted Value Type: String High: The value provided is a string of a bibliographic mention that follows the citation convention adopted by CHIN. Accepted Value Type: String |
| Typical Case·s | A self-portrait photograph of Yousuf Karsh is available on Wikimedia Commons at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Yousuf-Karsh.jpg” (Image URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number PA-212511 and under the MIKAN ID number 3198631” (Image Bibliographical Mention). In addition, Wikimedia Commons has a digital representation of the signature (Mark Type) of Yousuf Karsh available at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Signature_of_Yousuf_Karsh.png” (Mark URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Signature of Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from https://karsh.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/bigflannel-karsh/img/karsh-signature.jpg” (Mark Bibliographical Mention) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | Mawu-che-hitoowin: A Gathering of People for any Purpose is a 1992 installation by Rebecca Belmore. Whether the rights mention of such an image (“© Rebecca Belmore 1992”) could be considered to be bibliographical is debatable. Pope John XXIII was photographed by Yousuf Karsh in 1959 (Karsh n.d.). During the shoot, another photograph was taken which shows Yousuf Karsh discussing with the Pope (Karsh n.d.). Since the Pope is in two shots taken from the same event, it is up to the cataloguer to decide whether the visual item in the second photograph contains the visual item in the first one. The scope note of the class E36_Visual_Item which uses concepts like “recognizable” or “uniquely identifiable” (Bekiari et al. 2021, section E36 Visual Item) works relatively well for immutable objects, but its application becomes more complex for actors. Depending on the cataloguer, several criteria may or may not be taken into consideration such as the date and location of the image taken, the actor’s position, the action in progress, the clothing worn, etc. If the visual item of the first photograph is defined as “Pope John XXIII”, this same visual item is also found in the second photograph. However, if the visual item in the first photograph is defined as “Pope John XXIII photographed with his hand in the air”, this same visual item is not part of the second photograph. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Image Bibliographical Mention: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The mention pertains to the image itself so that there cannot be an Image Bibliographical Mention without an Image URL. CHIN recommends the use of a recognized and standard citation format such as that of the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), Modern Languages Association (MLA), or American Psychological Association (APA). Would this be equivalent to a notice? If so, it should be more substantial, and the example and the definition should reflect that. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sect. E36 Visual Item, Free Dictionary 2019ah, Karsh n.d., Wikipedia 2021c |
Image URL
| Scope | This field indicates the unique resource locator that, in addition to identifying the digital representation of an image, provides its address on the internet according to one of a variety of protocols. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | URL: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P138i_has_representation -> crm:E36_Visual_Item -> crm:P165i_is_incorporated_in -> crmdig:D1_Digital_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“URL”]) -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Visual Item |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: N/A Medium: N/A High: The value provided is a URL that follows the W3C conventions on URLs and should not be broken. Accepted Value Type·s: URL |
| Typical Case·s | A self-portrait photograph of Yousuf Karsh is available on Wikimedia Commons at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Yousuf-Karsh.jpg” (Image URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number PA-212511 and under the MIKAN ID number 3198631” (Image Bibliographical Mention). In addition, Wikimedia Commons has a digital representation of the signature (Mark Type) of Yousuf Karsh available at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Signature_of_Yousuf_Karsh.png” (Mark URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Signature of Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from https://karsh.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/bigflannel-karsh/img/karsh-signature.jpg” (Mark Bibliographical Mention) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | Pope John XXIII was photographed by Yousuf Karsh in 1959 (Karsh n.d.). During the shoot, another photograph was taken which shows Yousuf Karsh discussing with the Pope (Karsh n.d.). Since the Pope is in two shots taken from the same event, it is up to the cataloguer to decide whether the visual item in the second photograph contains the visual item in the first one. The scope note of the class E36_Visual_Item which uses concepts like “recognizable” or “uniquely identifiable” (Bekiari et al. 2021, section E36 Visual Item) works relatively well for immutable objects, but its application becomes more complex for actors. Depending on the cataloguer, several criteria may or may not be taken into consideration such as the date and location of the image taken, the actor’s position, the action in progress, the clothing worn, etc. If the visual item of the first photograph is defined as “Pope John XXIII”, this same visual item is also found in the second photograph. However, if the visual item in the first photograph is defined as “Pope John XXIII photographed with his hand in the air”, this same visual item is not part of the second photograph. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Image URL: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | TBD |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019y, Bekiari et al. 2015, sect. E36 Visual Item, Free Dictionary 2019ag, Karsh n.d., Wikipedia 2019e, Wikipedia 2021c |
Mark Bibliographical Mention
| Scope | This field designates the informational statement appended to a mark for substantiation, authenticity, and credit attribution. It provides relevant information to cite the mark such as creator, year of creation, title, etc. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Mark URL |
| Related SQN·s | Symbolic: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC138_represents (-> crm:P138.1_mode_of_representation -> crm:E55_Type[“Symbolic”]) -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E37_Mark -> dct:source -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Visual Item |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string of a bibliographic mention that follows a citation convention that is not the one adopted by CHIN. Accepted Value Type: String High: The value provided is a string of a bibliographic mention that follows the citation convention adopted by CHIN. Accepted Value Type: String |
| Typical Case·s | A self-portrait photograph of Yousuf Karsh is available on Wikimedia Commons at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Yousuf-Karsh.jpg” (Image URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number PA-212511 and under the MIKAN ID number 3198631” (Image Bibliographical Mention). In addition, Wikimedia Commons has a digital representation of the signature (Mark Type) of Yousuf Karsh available at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Signature_of_Yousuf_Karsh.png” (Mark URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Signature of Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from https://karsh.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/bigflannel-karsh/img/karsh-signature.jpg” (Mark Bibliographical Mention) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | How this differs from the Image Bibliographical Mention is unclear, especially when recording a notice. If recording the latter, it seems the Image Bibliographical Mention would be best as it could be more substantial, but the example as well as the definition should reflect that. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Mark Bibliographical Mention: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Marks are most often used to enforce corporate identity through branding elements such as logos, taglines, slogans, etc. CHIN recommends the use of a recognized and standard citation format such as that of the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), Modern Languages Association (MLA), or American Psychological Association (APA). |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ah, Karsh n.d., Wikipedia 2021c |
Mark Type
| Scope | This field indicates the category of symbols, signs, signatures, or short texts applied to artefacts in order to indicate their creator, owner, dedications, purpose, etc. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Mark URL |
| Related SQN·s | Symbolic: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC138_represents (-> crm:P138.1_mode_of_representation -> crm:E55_Type[“Symbolic”]) -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E37_Mark -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Visual Item |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | A self-portrait photograph of Yousuf Karsh is available on Wikimedia Commons at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Yousuf-Karsh.jpg” (Image URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number PA-212511 and under the MIKAN ID number 3198631” (Image Bibliographical Mention). In addition, Wikimedia Commons has a digital representation of the signature (Mark Type) of Yousuf Karsh available at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Signature_of_Yousuf_Karsh.png” (Mark URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Signature of Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from https://karsh.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/bigflannel-karsh/img/karsh-signature.jpg” (Mark Bibliographical Mention) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | In 2016, Anish Kapoor coated his 2006 sculpture Cloud Gate in Vantablack, a light-absorbing material to which he bought the exclusive rights in terms of artistic use. The material has been developed and patented by Surrey NanoSystems (Higgins 2022). In this case, Vantablack could be considered to be a material (part of the sculpture) or a mark (as it was added to the sculpture years after it was first unveiled to the public) that amounts to a signature considering the use of Vantablack is exclusive to Kapoor. It is also debatable whether this Mark Type would apply to Surrey NanoSystems as well. This also poses the question of whether, if a mark is mainly used to enforce identity, it must enforce the identity of the actor of interest (associated Actor Appellation) or if it can enforce that of a third party (e.g. even though Cloud Gate is by Kapoor, this could be considered to enforce Surrey NanoSystems’ identity just as much). What constitutes a mark might also be complicated by what it is posed on. For example, a sunburn such as that in Dennis Oppenheim’s Reading Position for Second Degree Burn (showing two parallel images of a man sunbathing on the sand where the first one shows an open book facing down on his chest and the second one displays the sunburn mark of the book upon removal) could be considered a mark of type “Sunburn” (Oppenheim 1970). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Mark Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Marks are most often used to enforce corporate identity through branding elements such as logos, taglines, slogans, etc. |
| Reference·s | Higgins 2022, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E37 Mark, Oppenheim 1970, Wikipedia 2019aa, Wikipedia 2021c |
Mark URL
| Scope | This field indicates the unique resource locator that, in addition to identifying the digital representation of a mark, provides its address on the internet according to one of a variety of protocols. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Symbolic: Definition URL: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC138_represents (-> crm:P138.1_mode_of_representation -> crm:E55_Type[“Symbolic”]) -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E37_Mark -> crm:P165i_is_incorporated_in -> crmdig:D1_Digital_Object -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“URL”]) -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Visual Item |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: N/A Medium: N/A High: The value provided is an URL that follows the W3C conventions on URLs and should not be broken. Accepted Value Type·s: URL |
| Typical Case·s | A self-portrait photograph of Yousuf Karsh is available on Wikimedia Commons at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Yousuf-Karsh.jpg” (Image URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number PA-212511 and under the MIKAN ID number 3198631” (Image Bibliographical Mention). In addition, Wikimedia Commons has a digital representation of the signature (Mark Type) of Yousuf Karsh available at “https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Signature_of_Yousuf_Karsh.png” (Mark URL) with the cited source “This image was found on Wikimedia Commons (Signature of Yousuf Karsh, Public domain), and originally available from https://karsh.org/wordpress/wp-content/themes/bigflannel-karsh/img/karsh-signature.jpg” (Mark Bibliographical Mention) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | TBD |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Mark URL: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Marks are most often used to enforce corporate identity through branding elements such as logos, taglines, slogans, etc. |
| Reference·s | Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E37 Mark, Wikipedia 2019aa, Wikipedia 2021c |
Messy Data Statement Content
| Scope | This field records information whose semantic value is “Low” because the data is characterized by its heterogeneous nature, non-standard character, missing entries in the dataset, or general errors. Any data provided in another entry node that does not meet the “Medium” semantic valuation requirements should be documented using the Messy Data nodes. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Messy Data |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is characterized by its heterogeneous nature, non-standard character, missing entries in the dataset or general errors; its semantic valuation in the context of another entry node is thus “Low”. Accepted Value Type·s: String Medium: N/A High: N/A |
| Typical Case·s | Information detailing the beginning of Yousuf Karsh’s occupation as an established studio photographer could take the following form: “Returning to Canada in 1931, Karsh soon established a studio with financial help from his uncle” (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.)”. The non-standard nature of the date information would categorize this as a “Low” Occupation Date Begin entry value that would thus have to be entered using the Messy Data Statement Content entry node. This content is an “Occupation Date Begin Statement” (Messy Data Statement Type) written in English (Messy Data Statement Language). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh has used the “Photography” technique throughout his career, an information that could be documented by using the AAT’s URI for this concept (http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300389795) as the value of the Technique Used Type entry node. This would be a structured and valid entry, but a provider could be reluctant to categorize a person based on the techniques they used. In such a case, the Messy Data pattern could be used to accommodate the provider’s point of view. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Messy Data Statement Content: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Messy data ingested in the DOPHEDA knowledge graph remains semantically poor. Therefore, even if data is available in the DOPHEDA environment, extracting information from it through queries is difficult. Only humans reading the content of those textual nodes can ascertain the meaning of the messy data which can be a lengthy process because of the sheer amount of such data. Until tools can clean messy data, it remains difficult to access and hard to exploit. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage Information Network 2021, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d. |
Messy Data Statement Language
| Scope | This field indicates the natural language a Messy Data Statement Content is written in. |
| Generated Bond·s | E56_Language |
| Dependency·ies | Messy Data Statement Content |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P72_has_language -> crm:E56_Language |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Messy Data |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. Because this data pertains to other data that is messy itself, it is not recommended to use low semantic values here. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Information detailing the beginning of Yousuf Karsh’s occupation as an established studio photographer could take the following form: “Returning to Canada in 1931, Karsh soon established a studio with financial help from his uncle” (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.)”. The non-standard nature of the date information would categorize this as a “Low” Occupation Date Begin entry value that would thus have to be entered using the Messy Data Statement Content entry node. This content is an “Occupation Date Begin Statement” (Messy Data Statement Type) written in English (Messy Data Statement Language). |
| Edge Case·s | A single Messy Data Statement Content could include more than a single language. In that case, a provider could choose to list languages in a single entry or create an entry per language and associate all of these to the content. Some text can be written in a specific dialect of a language (e.g. French-Canadian can be considered as a French dialect). In this case, both languages and dialects would be valid values and the choice between documenting either or both will be determined by the provider. Some text can be written in non-natural languages, such as constructed languages (e.g. quenya created by J. R. R. Tolkien), formal languages (e.g. binary, mathematics, etc.), or symbolic languages (e.g. emojis), for example, an artist that would use @ID as their name. The choice of documenting non-natural languages depends on the vocabulary that is used by an institution, although it goes against the scope of the class E56_Language. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Messy Data Statement Language: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminologies (such as ISO 639-3) as well as UTF-8 compliant languages can be used. The language of the Messy Data Statement Content can differ from that of the Messy Data Statement Language (for example, the Messy Data Statement Content can be “ᐃᓱᒪ”, yet the the label of Messy Data Statement Language can be “Inuktitut” rather than “ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ”). Writing systems (e.g. latin, arabic, hanzi, etc.) are not documented in the Target Model Specification and should not be confused with languages. If the language is difficult to identify, it is best to leave the node empty. |
| Reference·s | Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E56 Language, Wikipedia 2019ae |
Messy Data Statement Type
| Scope | This field qualifies data whose semantic value is “Low” (itself recorded in as Messy Data Statement Content) to indicate the kind of information it contains based on the entry node that would have accommodated it had its semantic value been higher. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Messy Data Statement: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Messy Data Statement”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Messy Data |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Information detailing the beginning of Yousuf Karsh’s occupation as an established studio photographer could take the following form: “Returning to Canada in 1931, Karsh soon established a studio with financial help from his uncle” (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.)”. The non-standard nature of the date information would categorize this as a “Low” Occupation Date Begin entry value that would thus have to be entered using the Messy Data Statement Content entry node. This content is an “Occupation Date Begin Statement” (Messy Data Statement Type) written in English (Messy Data Statement Language). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh has used the “Photography” technique throughout his career, an information that could be documented by using the AAT’s URI for this concept (http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300389795) as the value of the Technique Used Type entry node. This would be a structured and valid entry, but a provider could be reluctant to categorize a person based on the techniques they used. In such a case, the Messy Data pattern could be used to accommodate the provider’s point of view. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Messy Data Statement Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | Messy Data Statement Type CHIN Internal Thesaurus |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The controlled list of terms accepted as values in this field is composed of the list of DOPHEDA entry nodes names followed by “Statement” (e.g. Occupation Date Begin Statement). Messy data ingested in the DOPHEDA knowledge graph remains semantically poor. Therefore, even if data is available in the DOPHEDA environment, extracting information from it through queries is difficult. Only humans reading the content of those textual nodes can ascertain the meaning of the messy data which can be a lengthy process because of the sheer amount of such data. Until tools can clean messy data, it remains difficult to access and hard to exploit. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage Information Network 2021, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Wikipedia 2019a, (Wikipedia 2019j](/collections-model/en/semantic-paths-specification/current/bibliography#wikipedia-2019j) |
Mother Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor’s biological mother is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E21_Person |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E21_Person -> crm:P98i_was_born -> crm:E67_Birth -> crm:P96_by_mother -> crm:E21_Person -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Birth and Death of a Person |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was born on the 23 of December 1908 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Mardin (Ottoman Empire) (Birth Place) to Bahiyah Nakash (Mother Appellation) and Massih Karsh (Father Appellation). He died on the 13 of July 2002 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier) in Boston (MA, USA) (Death Place) and is buried at Notre-Dame Cemetery in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.). Painter Emily Carr was born on the 13th of December 1871 (Birth Date Begin; Birth Date End) CE (Birth Date Begin Qualifier; Birth Date End Qualifier) in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Birth Place) to Emily (Saunders) Carr (Mother Appellation) and Richard Carr (Father Appellation). She died on the 2nd of March 1945 (Death Date Begin; Death Date End) CE (Death Date Begin Qualifier; Death Date End Qualifier), also in Victoria (BC, Canada) (Death Place), and was buried at Ross Bay Cemetery (Victoria, BC, Canada) (Final Disposition Place “Burial Place”) (Baldissera 2015, 4). Diplomat Peter Dale Scott was born to painter Marian Mildred Dale Scott (Mother Appellation) and poet and law professor Francis Reginald Scott (Father Appellation) (Wikipedia 2022g). |
| Edge Case·s | The female genetic contributor to the creation of the infant might not be the woman giving birth. In this case, who would be considered to be the mother is up for debate. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Mother Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | A biological mother is understood to be the female genetic contributor to the creation of the infant through sexual intercourse or egg donation. For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Mother Appellation entry nodes should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Birth and Death of a Person pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the birth of a person 123, the appellation of the mother (person ABC) must be registered using the Mother Appellation entry node. However, if person ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, their appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019q, Baldissera 2015, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica n.d., Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Free Dictionary 2019r, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. P96 by Mother, Wikipedia 2019aq, Wikipedia 2022g |
Occupation Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming the occupation recorded may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Occupation Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> frbr:F51_Pursuit -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Occupation |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak was a Canadian artist (Occupation Type) who served as Second Lieutenant (Occupation Type) during World War II (Occupation Place “Canada”; Occupation Place “Europe”). She served from November 1942 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). Yousuf Karsh pursued a career as a photographer (Occupation Type) spanning 60 years, from 1932 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier), mainly based in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2021c). Marc Séguin is a visual artist, novelist, and farmer (Occupation Type). His first solo exhibition (Occupation Type “Visual Artist”) dates back to 1996 (Occupation Date Begin; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) and he has practiced in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), and Brooklyn (NY, United States) (Occupation Place). His first novel, La Foi du braconnier, was published (Occupation Type “Novelist”) in 2009 (Occupation Date Begin). He owns a family farm (Occupation Type “Farmer”; Occupation Date Begin “2008”; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) in Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2022h). |
| Edge Case·s | Elizabeth II, the person who was in charge of officially granting the social status “Companion of the Order of Canada” to Yousuf Karsh, is known as being the Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. While some might see “being the queen” as an occupation that comes with very specific activities and tasks, others might see it as a social status. To this duality is added the possibility of documenting the term “queen” as a title/prefix to the name of the person. If the data does not specify how the information is understood within the framework of a specific dataset, the modelling could lead to uncertainty and misinterpretation of the matter. Molly Bobak sketched in her diaries throughout the war and it is only three years after her enrollment that she was officially made a war artist (Occupation Type) by the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee (Wikipedia 2021f). In this case, it is unclear how best to record the information as the beginning date of the Occupation Type would be after the end of her serving. It is also unclear if the Occupation Type is determined by the act of completing tasks or by the holding of a position. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Occupation Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Occupation Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f, Wikipedia 2022h |
Occupation Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming the occupation recorded may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Occupation Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> frbr:F51_Pursuit -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Occupation |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak was a Canadian artist (Occupation Type) who served as Second Lieutenant (Occupation Type) during World War II (Occupation Place “Canada”; Occupation Place “Europe”). She served from November 1942 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). Yousuf Karsh pursued a career as a photographer (Occupation Type) spanning 60 years, from 1932 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier), mainly based in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2021c). Marc Séguin is a visual artist, novelist, and farmer (Occupation Type). His first solo exhibition (Occupation Type “Visual Artist”) dates back to 1996 (Occupation Date Begin; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) and he has practiced in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), and Brooklyn (NY, United States) (Occupation Place). His first novel, La Foi du braconnier, was published (Occupation Type “Novelist”) in 2009 (Occupation Date Begin). He owns a family farm (Occupation Type “Farmer”; Occupation Date Begin “2008”; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) in Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2022h). |
| Edge Case·s | Elizabeth II, the person who was in charge of officially granting the social status “Companion of the Order of Canada” to Yousuf Karsh, is known as being the Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. While some might see “being the queen” as an occupation that comes with very specific activities and tasks, others might see it as a social status. To this duality is added the possibility of documenting the term “queen” as a title/prefix to the name of the person. If the data does not specify how the information is understood within the framework of a specific dataset, the modelling could lead to uncertainty and misinterpretation of the matter. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Occupation Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f, Wikipedia 2022h |
Occupation Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming the occupation recorded may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Occupation Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> frbr:F51_Pursuit -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Occupation |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak was a Canadian artist (Occupation Type) who served as Second Lieutenant (Occupation Type) during World War II (Occupation Place “Canada”; Occupation Place “Europe”). She served from November 1942 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). Yousuf Karsh pursued a career as a photographer (Occupation Type) spanning 60 years, from 1932 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier), mainly based in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | Elizabeth II, the person who was in charge of officially granting the social status “Companion of the Order of Canada” to Yousuf Karsh, is known as being the Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. While some might see “being the queen” as an occupation that comes with very specific activities and tasks, others might see it as a social status. To this duality is added the possibility of documenting the term “queen” as a title/prefix to the name of the person. If the data does not specify how the information is understood within the framework of a specific dataset, the modelling could lead to uncertainty and misinterpretation of the matter. Molly Bobak sketched in her diaries throughout the war and it is only three years after her enrollment that she was officially made a war artist (Occupation Type) by the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee. In this case, it is unclear how best to record the information as the beginning date of the Occupation Type would be after the end of her serving. It is also unclear if the Occupation Type is determined by the act of completing tasks or by the holding of a position (Wikipedia 2021f). Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Occupation Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Occupation Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Occupation Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming the occupation recorded may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Occupation Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> frbr:F51_Pursuit -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Occupation |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak was a Canadian artist (Occupation Type) who served as Second Lieutenant (Occupation Type) during World War II (Occupation Place “Canada”; Occupation Place “Europe”). She served from November 1942 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). Yousuf Karsh pursued a career as a photographer (Occupation Type) spanning 60 years, from 1932 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier), mainly based in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | Elizabeth II, the person who was in charge of officially granting the social status “Companion of the Order of Canada” to Yousuf Karsh, is known as being the Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. While some might see “being the queen” as an occupation that comes with very specific activities and tasks, others might see it as a social status. To this duality is added the possibility of documenting the term “queen” as a title/prefix to the name of the person. If the data does not specify how the information is understood within the framework of a specific dataset, the modelling could lead to uncertainty and misinterpretation of the matter. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Occupation Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Occupation Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s in which an actor performed their occupation. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | Occupation Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> frbr:F51_Pursuit -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Occupation |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak was a Canadian artist (Occupation Type) who served as Second Lieutenant (Occupation Type) during World War II (Occupation Place “Canada”; Occupation Place “Europe”). She served from November 1942 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). Yousuf Karsh pursued a career as a photographer (Occupation Type) spanning 60 years, from 1932 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier), mainly based in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2021c). Marc Séguin is a visual artist, novelist, and farmer (Occupation Type). His first solo exhibition (Occupation Type “Visual Artist”) dates back to 1996 (Occupation Date Begin; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) and he has practiced in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), and Brooklyn (NY, United States) (Occupation Place). His first novel, La Foi du braconnier, was published (Occupation Type “Novelist”) in 2009 (Occupation Date Begin). He owns a family farm (Occupation Type “Farmer”; Occupation Date Begin “2008”; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) in Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2022h). |
| Edge Case·s | When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it could become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might have practiced their craft entirely online from a computer in Winnipeg (MB, Canada) using infrastructure on a web server that could also be considered as the location of the occupation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Occupation Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single occupation can be linked to several Occupation Places, either because there is conflicting data, because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or because the occupation happened in multiple places at once. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f, Wikipedia 2022h |
Occupation Type
| Scope | This field indicates the activities, businesses, professions, and other labour-related roles of an actor. These can be either paid or unpaid (contributing directly or indirectly to their livelihood) and they are considered by either the actor or an expert community to be one of their primary endeavours in life. As such, the occupation of an actor relates to how they are suited, trained, skilled, or qualified for it. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Occupation: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> frbr:F51_Pursuit -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Occupation”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Occupation |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak was a Canadian artist (Occupation Type) who served as Second Lieutenant (Occupation Type) during World War II (Occupation Place “Canada”; Occupation Place “Europe”). She served from November 1942 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). Yousuf Karsh pursued a career as a photographer (Occupation Type) spanning 60 years, from 1932 (Occupation Date Begin) CE (Occupation Date Begin Qualifier) to 1992 (Occupation Date End) CE (Occupation Date End Qualifier), mainly based in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2021c). Marc Séguin is a visual artist, novelist, and farmer (Occupation Type). His first solo exhibition (Occupation Type “Visual Artist”) dates back to 1996 (Occupation Date Begin; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) and he has practiced in Montreal (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place), and Brooklyn (NY, United States) (Occupation Place). His first novel, La Foi du braconnier, was published (Occupation Type “Novelist”) in 2009 (Occupation Date Begin). He owns a family farm (Occupation Type “Farmer”; Occupation Date Begin “2008”; Occupation Date Begin Qualifier “Before”) in Hemmingford (QC, Canada) (Occupation Place) (Wikipedia 2022h). |
| Edge Case·s | Elizabeth II, the person who was in charge of officially granting the social status “Companion of the Order of Canada” to Yousuf Karsh, is known as being the Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. While some might see “being the queen” as an occupation that comes with very specific activities and tasks, others might see it as a social status. To this duality is added the possibility of documenting the term “queen” as a title/prefix to the name of the person. If the data does not specify how the information is understood within the framework of a specific dataset, the modelling could lead to uncertainty and misinterpretation of the matter. Molly Bobak sketched in her diaries throughout the war and it is only three years after her enrollment that she was officially made a war artist (Occupation Type) by the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee. In this case, it is unclear how best to record the information as the beginning date of the Occupation Type would be after the end of her serving. It is also unclear if the Occupation Type is determined by the act of completing tasks or by the holding of a position. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Occupation Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | A single actor can carry multiple different occupations at one time, just like they can carry a single occupation multiple times simultaneously. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019r, Free Dictionary 2019s), Wikipedia 2019b, Wikipedia 2019f, Wikipedia 2019l, Wikipedia 2019p, Wikipedia 2019t, Wikipedia 2019ag, Wikipedia 2019ai, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f, Wikipedia 2022h |
Production Actor Priority
| Scope | This field situates an actor in an order of precedence and importance when it comes to the production of an artefact. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | Actor Priority: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:E55_Type[“Actor Priority”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) was taken in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Production Place) in 1938 (Production Date Begin; Production Date End) by Yousuf Karsh (Production Actor Role “Creator”) who was its sole creator (Production Actor Priority “1”) (Karsh 1938). |
| Edge Case·s | How to consistently and meaningfully record the production of an artefact is unclear. How to determine the role and the priority will likely rely on each node in relation to the other. For example, Jeff Koons could be ranked with the highest Production Actor Priority for any of his works despite the fact that he does not physically participate in their making most of the time. The designers, engineers, etc. he employs would have a lower Production Actor Priority. A missing/unknown value in this entry node for an actor participating in a collective production can greatly limit the semantic scope of the prioritization of all actors involved. In a production by three makers, if only two are prioritized, it becomes impossible to know where the unprioritized actor is situated in relation to the others. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Actor Priority: Provider Data |
| Controlled ListTerm | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Priority will be determined based on a weighted ranking whereas 1 is most important, 2 less so, etc. Actors of equivalent importance can be assigned the same ranking. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019ak, Karsh 1938, w3schools.com 2019, Wikipedia 2022d |
Production Actor Role
| Scope | This field indicates the parts, activities, functions, and duties endorsed by an actor with regards to the creation of an artefact. These reflect a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms expected from both parties and reflected in the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | Actor Role: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Actor Role”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) was taken in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Production Place) in 1938 (Production Date Begin; Production Date End) by Yousuf Karsh (Production Actor Role “Creator”) who was its sole creator (Production Actor Priority “1”) (Karsh 1938). |
| Edge Case·s | How to consistently and meaningfully record the production of an artefact is unclear. How to determine the role and the priority will likely rely on each node in relation to the other. For example, Jeff Koons could be ranked with the highest Production Actor Priority for any of his works despite the fact that he does not physically participate in their making most of the time. The designers, engineers, etc. he employs would have a lower Production Actor Priority. A missing/unknown value in this entry node for an actor participating in a collective production can greatly limit the semantic scope of the prioritization of all actors involved. In a production by three makers, if only two are prioritized, it becomes impossible to know where the unprioritized actor is situated in relation to the others. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Actor Role: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The Production Actor Role defines an actor’s part in a production event so that there cannot be a Production Actor Role without an artefact to relate it to. A single production/artefact can be associated with multiple roles (e.g. an actor can be both a creator and a seller). |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019l, Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Free Dictionary 2019l, Karsh 1938, Masolo et al. 2004, Wenglinsky 2017, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2019n, Wikipedia 2022d |
Production Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the creation of an artefact may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) was taken in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Production Place) in 1938 (Production Date Begin; Production Date End) by Yousuf Karsh (Production Actor Role “Creator”) who was its sole creator (Production Actor Priority “1”) (Karsh 1938). |
| Edge Case·s | It is unclear if the production of a work begins with its ideation or with its physical making into the world. What about performance or intangible productions? The use of a conceptual qualifier ascribed to dates could potentially be assessed. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Production Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Karsh 1938, Wikipedia 2022d |
Production Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the creation of an artefact may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Production Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). |
| Edge Case·s | It is unclear if the production of a work begins with its ideation or with its physical making into the world. What about performance or intangible productions? The use of a conceptual qualifier ascribed to dates could potentially be assessed. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2022d |
Production Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the creation of an artefact may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) was taken in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Production Place) in 1938 (Production Date Begin; Production Date End) by Yousuf Karsh (Production Actor Role “Creator”) who was its sole creator (Production Actor Priority “1”) (Karsh 1938). |
| Edge Case·s | It is unclear if the production of a work begins with its ideation or with its physical making into the world. What about performance or intangible productions? The use of a conceptual qualifier ascribed to dates could potentially be assessed. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Production Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Karsh 1938, Wikipedia 2022d |
Production Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the creation of an artefact may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Production Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). |
| Edge Case·s | It is unclear if the production of a work begins with its ideation or with its physical making into the world. What about performance or intangible productions? The use of a conceptual qualifier ascribed to dates could potentially be assessed. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2022d |
Production Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s in which an actor created an artefact. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E12_Production -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Artefact Production |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Canadissimo (Artefact Appellation) was made by art collective BGL and presented at the Canada Pavilion of the Venice Biennale (Production Place) in 2015 (Production Date Begin; Production Date Begin Qualifier “or before”; Production Date End; Production Date End Qualifier “or before”). BGL is comprised of Jasmin Bilodeau (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), Sébastien Giguère (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”), and Nicolas Laverdière (Production Actor Role “Creator”; Production Actor Priority “1”) (Wikipedia 2022d). Self-Portrait (Artefact Appellation) was taken in Ottawa (ON, Canada) (Production Place) in 1938 (Production Date Begin; Production Date End) by Yousuf Karsh (Production Actor Role “Creator”) who was its sole creator (Production Actor Priority “1”) (Karsh 1938). |
| Edge Case·s | In the case above, it could be argued that the Venice Biennale is the exhibition place rather than the production place, or both considering it is an installation. When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it could become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might produce a purely online work from a computer in Winnipeg (MB, Canada) yet use a gathering platform accessible on a web server that could also be considered as the location of the production. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Production Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single production can be linked to several Production Places, either because there is conflicting data, because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or because the production happened in multiple places at once. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Karsh 1938, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2022d |
Record Contributor Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor (person or group) contributing data for a record (actor or object in a dataset) is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | Record: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E73_Information_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Record”]) -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P14_carried_out_by -> crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Record Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Artists in Canada is a bilingual union list that identifies the location of documentation files on artists mentioned in the records of institutions located in Canada, who themselves submit their information (National Gallery of Canada 2019a/2019b). In this list, the record about Yousuf Karsh indicates that information has been contributed by the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives/Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography (Record Contributor Appellation), was created on 1985-03-13 (Record Date Begin), and was last updated on 2011-06-03 (Record Date End) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). |
| Edge Case·s | Recently created records will most likely have specific dates, but older ones created when collections management relied on paperwork rather than databases might have blurrier dates referring to periods of the institution’s history, such as “under the curatorship of Curator X” or “before the museum was instituted”. The scope of what a contributor is could be blurry and include data that CHIN would retrieve for enrichment purposes (e.g. Wikidata could have a Record Contributor Appellation). Some heritage institutions may have entities of interest other than actors or objects. For example, some institutions might focus on places and primarily describe their locations, their appellations, their descriptions, etc., so that records would be focused on places rather than on actors or objects. Documenting such cases would necessitate the acceptance of other sub-classes of E1_CRM_Entity to be linked to instances of E73_Information_Object beyond instances of E39_Actor and E22_Human-Made_Object. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Record Contributor Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Record Provenance pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of a record 123, the appellation of the institution that contributed the record (institution ABC) must be registered using the Record Contributor Appellation entry node. However, if institution ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, its appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, National Gallery of Canada 2019a, National Gallery of Canada 2019b |
Record Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the creation of a record by a cataloguing entity (person or institution) may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | Record: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E73_Information_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Record”]) -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Record Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Artists in Canada is a bilingual union list that identifies the location of documentation files on artists mentioned in the records of institutions located in Canada, who themselves submit their information (National Gallery of Canada 2019a/2019b). In this list, the record about Yousuf Karsh indicates that information has been contributed by the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives/Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography (Record Contributor Appellation), was created on 1985-03-13 (Record Date Begin), and was last updated on 2011-06-03 (Record Date End) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). |
| Edge Case·s | Recently created records will most likely have specific dates, but older ones created when collections management relied on paperwork rather than databases might have blurrier dates referring to periods of the institution’s history, such as “under the curatorship of Curator X” or “before the museum was instituted”. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Record Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This does not indicate the date of the creation of the record by CHIN nor the date it was updated; rather, it refers to the date the record was created by the cataloguer from the contributing institution. Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Record Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, National Gallery of Canada 2019a, National Gallery of Canada 2019b, Semantic Web Interest Group 2019, Wikipedia 2019d |
Record Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the creation of a record by a cataloguing entity (person or institution) may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor E22_Human-Made_Object |
| Related SQN·s | Record: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P67i_is_referred_to_by -> crm:E73_Information_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Record”]) -> crm:P94i_was_created_by -> crm:E65_Creation -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Record Provenance |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Artists in Canada is a bilingual union list that identifies the location of documentation files on artists mentioned in the records of institutions located in Canada, who themselves submit their information (National Gallery of Canada 2019a/2019b). In this list, the record about Yousuf Karsh indicates that information has been contributed by the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives/Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography (Record Contributor Appellation), was created on 1985-03-13 (Record Date Begin), and was last updated on 2011-06-03 (Record Date End) (Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011). |
| Edge Case·s | Recently created records will most likely have specific dates, but older ones created when collections management relied on paperwork rather than databases might have blurrier dates referring to periods of the institution’s history, such as “under the curatorship of Curator X” or “before the museum was instituted”. It is also debatable whether a record can end since, as long as there is a date, there is still a record where it is documented. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Record Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This does not indicate the end of the date of the creation of the record by CHIN nor the end of the date it was updated; rather, it refers to the date the cataloguer at the contributing institution ended the creation of the record. Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Record Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada 2011, National Gallery of Canada 2019a, National Gallery of Canada 2019b, Semantic Web Interest Group 2019, Wikipedia 2019d |
Reference Document Call Number
| Scope | This field designates the identifying combination of alphanumeric characters, symbols, press-marks, or shelf-marks assigned to a reference document by its archiving institution in order to express its subject contents and/or shelving/storing location. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Reference Object: Definition Call Number: Definition Record: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P70i_is_documented_in -> crm:E31_Document (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Record”]) -> crm:P128i_is_carried_by -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Reference Object”]) -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E42_Identifier (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Call Number”]) -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Reference Document Location |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The provided values contain call numbers surrounded by other unstructured information such that there is no systematic way to isolate and automatically extract the call numbers, whether because of varying call number structures or inconsistent syntaxes. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain call numbers surrounded by other information, but the call numbers can be systematically isolated and automatically extracted. Accepted Value Type·s: String, Integer High: The provided values only contain strings that represent the call numbers and are unique within the dataset. Accepted Value Type·s: String, Integer |
| Typical Case·s | Who Do You Think You Are? by Alice Munro is held at Library and Archives Canada (Reference Document Institution Appellation) under the call number PS8576 U57 W46 1979 (Reference Document Call Number) (Library and Archives Canada 2022). |
| Edge Case·s | The Reference Document Call Number refers to the document’s identifier which in turn determines its location within an institution. However, an archival institution might have multiple physical addresses or branches. The building where the reference document is held currently has no assigned documentation field so that it could be documented under the Reference Document Call Number (e.g. “PS8576 U57 W46 1979 - Wellington General Collection”) or under Reference Document Place (e.g. “395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 - Wellington General Collection”), or even in the Reference Document Institution Appellation (e.g. “Library and Archives Canada - Wellington General”). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Reference Document Call Number: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | TBD |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019c, Library and Archives Canada 2022 |
Reference Document Institution Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which the establishment custodian of the physical support (e.g. file or object), in which the information is contained, is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Reference Object: Definition Record: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P70i_is_documented_in -> crm:E31_Document (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Record”]) -> crm:P128i_is_carried_by -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Reference Object”]) -> crm:P49_has_current_or_former_keeper -> crm:E74_Group -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Reference Document Location |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Who Do You Think You Are? by Alice Munro is held at Library and Archives Canada (Reference Document Institution Appellation) under the call number PS8576 U57 W46 1979 (Reference Document Call Number) (Library and Archives Canada 2022). |
| Edge Case·s | The Reference Document Call Number refers to the document’s identifier which in turn determines its location within an institution. However, an archival institution might have multiple physical addresses or branches. The building where the reference document is held currently has no assigned documentation field so that it could be documented under the Reference Document Call Number (e.g. “PS8576 U57 W46 1979 - Wellington General Collection”) or under Reference Document Place (e.g. “395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 - Wellington General Collection”), or even in the Reference Document Institution Appellation (e.g. “Library and Archives Canada - Wellington General”). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Reference Document Institution Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Reference Document Institution Appellation node should not be used to record such information and should remain empty. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Reference Document Location pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of a reference document 123, the appellation of the institution holding the document (institution ABC) must be registered using the Reference Document Institution Appellation entry node. However, if institution ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, its appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019b, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019e, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E22 Man-Made Object, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E31 Document, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E73 Information Object, Library and Archives Canada 2022 |
Reference Document Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s of the physical support (e.g. file or object) in which the information that is referenced is contained. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Reference Object: Definition Record: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P70i_is_documented_in -> crm:E31_Document (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Record”]) -> crm:P128i_is_carried_by -> crm:E22_Human-Made_Object (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Reference Object”]) -> crm:P54_has_current_permanent_location -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Reference Document Location |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Who Do You Think You Are? by Alice Munro is held at Library and Archives Canada (Reference Document Institution Appellation), located at 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 - Wellington General Collection (Reference Document Place) under the call number PS8576 U57 W46 1979 (Reference Document Call Number) (Library and Archives Canada 2022). |
| Edge Case·s | The Reference Document Call Number refers to the document’s identifier which in turn determines its location within an institution. However, an archival institution might have multiple physical addresses or branches. The building where the reference document is held currently has no assigned documentation field so that it could be documented under the Reference Document Call Number (e.g. “PS8576 U57 W46 1979 - Wellington General Collection”) or under Reference Document Place (e.g. “395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 - Wellington General Collection”), or even in the Reference Document Institution Appellation (e.g. “Library and Archives Canada - Wellington General”). When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it could become difficult to determine its physical location. Is it better to consider the initial physical location where actors of the event are? For example, the production of a digital work was carried out by an artist on a computer in Winnipeg (MB, Canada) even if the tool used is accessible on a web server. When the actors are in different places, is it better to name all the places where they are in order to define the location of the event? For example, should an event taking place in the Second Life game require identification of each participating player’s physical location, which might be difficult to pinpoint due to privacy and security reasons? Otherwise, is it better to use the location of the server that supports the said event? For example, an international meeting taking place on Zoom could only be in Amsterdam since some of the company’s servers are located there. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Reference Document Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019b, Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Free Dictionary 2019e, Free Dictionary 2019n, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E22 Man-Made Object, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E31 Document, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E73 Information Object, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Library and Archives Canada 2022 |
Related Actor Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor (person or group) in a relationship to an actor of interest (who is the focus of the documentation and whose appellation is documented using the Actor Appellation entry node) is distinguished from others. This can be the name, title, or designation of an actor as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P01i_is_domain_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P02_has_range -> crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | N/A |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Related Actor Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This entry node describes groups as well as individual entities, but does not record the belonging to groups; to do so, the Group Belonging entry nodes should be used. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Relationship pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the relationship between person 123 and person ABC, the appellation of the person ABC must be registered using the Related Actor Appellation entry node. However, if person ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, their appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Related Actor Role
| Scope | This field indicates the parts, activities, functions, and duties endorsed by an actor (person or group) in the context of a relationship (ranging in duration from brief to enduring) to an actor of interest (who is the focus of the documentation and whose role is documented using the Relationship Actor Role entry node). These reflect a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms expected from both parties and reflected in the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | Related Actor Appellation |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P01i_is_domain_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | A dataset that would document a person as being the father or the mother figure of a family would be difficult to record since the family may contain several members and the parental role might not apply to all. In such a case, it would be possible to either document the fact that the person belongs to the family through the Family Belonging pattern or establish their relationship with each member of the said family through the Relationship pattern. However, it is impossible to document the role of the person in the first scenario, and in the second one, it is highly probable that the data provider does not know all the members of the family, so that they cannot establish beyond any doubt their relationship. At the moment, it is unclear how groups can be represented when it comes to relationships. The Relationship entry nodes should not be used to indicate an individual’s belonging to a group, but to record groups’ relationships to one another, including corporations. These fields would not be used to record, for example, Tom Thomson being part of the Group of Seven, but would be used to record the relationship between the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee and the Canadian War Records, Canada’s Second World War art program. However, this points to actor relationships, and groups can be actors per current definitions. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Related Actor Role: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The Related Actor Role defines a related actor’s part in a relationship so that there cannot be a Related Actor Role without a Relationship Type as well as an Actor Role. A single relationship can be associated with multiple roles (e.g. an actor can be both a professional contact and an employer). |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019l, Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Free Dictionary 2019l, Masolo et al. 2004, [Wenglinsky 2017](, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2019n, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Relationship Actor Role
| Scope | This field indicates the parts, activities, functions, and duties endorsed by an actor (person or group) in a relationship (ranging in duration from brief to enduring) to another who is not the focus of the documentation (and whose role is documented using the Related Actor Role entry node). These reflect a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms expected from both parties and reflected in the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | A dataset that would document a person as being the father or the mother figure of a family would be difficult to record since the family may contain several members and the parental role might not apply to all. In such a case, it would be possible to either document the fact that the person belongs to the family through the Family Belonging pattern or establish their relationship with each member of the said family through the Relationship pattern. However, it is impossible to document the role of the person in the first scenario, and in the second one, it is highly probable that the data provider does not know all the members of the family, so that they cannot establish beyond any doubt their relationship. At the moment, it is unclear how groups can be represented when it comes to relationships. The Relationship entry nodes should not be used to indicate an individual’s belonging to a group, but to record groups’ relationships to one another, including corporations. These fields would not be used to record, for example, Tom Thomson being part of the Group of Seven, but would be used to record the relationship between the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee and the Canadian War Records, Canada’s Second World War art program. However, this points to actor relationships, and groups can be actors per current definitions. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Relationship Actor Role: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | The Relationship Actor Role defines an actor’s part in a relationship so that there cannot be a Relationship Actor Role without a Relationship Type as well as a Related Actor Role. A single relationship can be associated with multiple roles (e.g. an actor can be both a professional contact and an employer). |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019l, Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Free Dictionary 2019l, Masolo et al. 2004, Wenglinsky 2017, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2019n, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Relationship Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the association or acquaintance between actors, which may range in duration from brief to enduring and refers to the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | At the moment, it is unclear how groups can be represented when it comes to relationships. The Relationship entry nodes should not be used to indicate an individual’s belonging to a group, but to record groups’ relationships to one another, including corporations. These fields would not be used to record, for example, Tom Thomson being part of the Group of Seven, but would be used to record the relationship between the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee and the Canadian War Records, Canada’s Second World War art program. However, this points to actor relationships, and groups can be actors per current definitions. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Relationship Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Relationship Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Relationship Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the association or acquaintance between actors, which may range in duration from brief to enduring and refers to the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Relationship Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Relationship Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Relationship Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the association or acquaintance between actors, which may range in duration from brief to enduring and refers to the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | At the moment, it is unclear how groups can be represented when it comes to relationships. The Relationship entry nodes should not be used to indicate an individual’s belonging to a group, but to record groups’ relationships to one another, including corporations. These fields would not be used to record, for example, Tom Thomson being part of the Group of Seven, but would be used to record the relationship between the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee and the Canadian War Records, Canada’s Second World War art program. However, this points to actor relationships, and groups can be actors per current definitions. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Relationship Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Relationship Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Relationship Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the association or acquaintance between actors, which may range in duration from brief to enduring and refers to the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Relationship Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Relationship Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Relationship Type
| Scope | This field qualifies the association or acquaintance between actors, which may range in duration from brief to enduring and refers to the contacts between them as well as the way they behave towards each other. It conceptually characterizes relationships in order to identify them based on interconnections. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Relationship: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P02i_is_range_of -> crm:PC14_carried_out_by -> crm:P01_has_domain -> crm:E7_Activity -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Relationship”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Relationship |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) married (Relationship Type “Marital”) Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”), whom she met after Victory in Europe Day in London (England) in 1945 (Relationship Date Begin “1945-05-08”; Relationship Date Begin Qualifier “After”). Molly Bobak (Relationship Actor Role “Parent”) had two children (Relationship Type “Parental”): Alexander (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1946 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) and Anny (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Child”) in 1957 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier). Molly Bobak’s relationship with her spouse and two children ended on March 2, 2014 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) when she died (Wikipedia 2021f). Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh (Relationship Actor Role “Spouse”) was married (Relationship Type “Marriage”) to Solange Gauthier (Related Actor Appellation; Related Actor Role “Spouse”) from 1939 (Relationship Date Begin) CE (Relationship Date Begin Qualifier) to 1961 (Relationship Date End) CE (Relationship Date End Qualifier) (Wikipedia 2021c). |
| Edge Case·s | At the moment, it is unclear how groups can be represented when it comes to relationships. The Relationship entry nodes should not be used to indicate an individual’s belonging to a group, but to record groups’ relationships to one another, including corporations. These fields would not be used to record, for example, Tom Thomson being part of the Group of Seven, but would be used to record the relationship between the Canadian War Artists Selection Committee and the Canadian War Records, Canada’s Second World War art program. However, this points to actor relationships, and groups can be actors per current definitions. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Relationship Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | TBD |
| Reference·s | Deutsche National Bibliothek 2019, Free Dictionary 2019ae, Wikipedia 2019ar, Wikipedia 2021c, Wikipedia 2021f |
Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which the actor responsible for the assignment of a social status to a status holder is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution. It is an identifying agreed upon term that is descriptive or connotative. If it is made of the concatenation of numerous parts, it should include all of them (such as honorifics, titles, etc.). |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Social Status Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crmsci:O13i_is_triggered_by -> crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment -> crm:P14_carried_out_by -> crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P1_is_identified_by -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). In 1990 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh was awarded the Companion of the Order of Canada (Social Status Type) by Queen Elizabeth II (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation) in Ottawa, CA-ON (Social Status Place). The social status was maintained even after Yousuf Karsh’s death in 2002 (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s social status as Companion of the Order of Canada can also be considered as a membership (Group Belonging entry nodes). If a war artist was assigned the number M32 435 C84 (his military registration number), this number would qualify as an Actor Appellation and the Actor Appellation Type would be “Military Registration Number” or “Military ID”. If the War Museum is related to the Department of National Defence or uses these numbers to identify artists, this number would qualify both as an Actor Appellation (the number assigned by the Department of Defence) and as an Actor ID (the same number used by the War Museum). The French appellation of Power Corporation of Canada is Power Corporation du Canada. An institution wanting to record both these appellations could either create two Actor Appellations (one for Power Corporation of Canada indicated as English in the Actor Appellation Language node, and one for Power Corporation du Canada indicated as French in the Actor Appellation Language node) or a single, bilingual one (Power Corporation of Canada/Power Corporation du Canada). The same applies to many governmental bodies in Canada such as PCH Canadian Heritage/Patrimoine canadien where, in addition, the question of the language of the acronym is unclear: if PCH is the Actor Appellation with an Actor Appellation Type labelled “Acronym”, it is possible to consider this as a single, bilingual appellation. Some institutions need to document animals as actors and although the current definition could accommodate this, CIDOC CRM might not. For example, Wojtek was a bear officially enlisted in the Polish army (Wikipedia 2022c). |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation node should not be used to record such information. This entry node must be used exclusively in the context of the Social Status pattern. If the actor whose appellation is documented using this node is also an actor of interest in any other context of the dataset, their appellation must be documented accordingly using the Actor Appellation entry node. For example, in the recording of the social status of an actor 123, the appellation of the institution that ascribed the social status (institution ABC) must be registered using the Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation entry node. However, if institution ABC is also an actor of interest elsewhere in the dataset, its appellation·s must also be recorded using the Actor Appellation entry node. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019z, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2019, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Free Dictionary 2019aj, Hillmer 2018, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, Skidmore 2015, Wikipedia 2019at, Wikipedia 2019au, Wikipedia 2022c, Wikipedia 2022i |
Social Status Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming a recorded social status may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Social Status Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). In 1990 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh was awarded the Companion of the Order of Canada (Social Status Type) by Queen Elizabeth II (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation) in Ottawa, CA-ON (Social Status Place). The social status was maintained even after Yousuf Karsh’s death in 2002 (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s social status as Companion of the Order of Canada can also be considered as a membership (Group Belonging entry nodes). For prizes and other awards, it is easier to identify a Social Status Date Begin, but even then it could be argued that the award differs from the status and that it is a recognition of a status that the actor already held. As such, it could be argued that the Social Status Date Begin would require qualifiers. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Social Status Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Hillmer 2018, Skidmore 2015, Wikipedia 2022i |
Social Status Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming a recorded social status may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Social Status Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). In 1990 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh was awarded the Companion of the Order of Canada (Social Status Type) by Queen Elizabeth II (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation) in Ottawa, CA-ON (Social Status Place). The social status was maintained even after Yousuf Karsh’s death in 2002 (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s social status as Companion of the Order of Canada can also be considered as a membership (Group Belonging entry nodes). For prizes and other awards, it is easier to identify a Social Status Date Begin, but even then it could be argued that the award differs from the status and that it is a recognition of a status that the actor already held. As such, it could be argued that the Social Status Date Begin would require qualifiers. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Hillmer 2018, Skidmore 2015, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2022i |
Social Status Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming a recorded social status may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Social Status Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). |
| Edge Case·s | Alice Ann Munro is a Canadian short story writer and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (Social Status Type “Nobel Laureate”), which she was awarded in Stockholm (Social Status Place) in 2013 (Social Status Date Begin). Munro died in 2013 shortly after having received the award (Social Status Date End; Social Status Date End Qualifier “After”) (Wikipedia 2022j). It is debatable whether there is a natural end to a status (i.e. when the actor dies) or if the only way to end a status is by the official revocation of that status (i.e. those that conferred it strip the recipient of it). In this case, it is also debatable whether the status is limited to a place or if it is worldwide. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Social Status Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2022i, Wikipedia 2022j |
Social Status Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor assuming a recorded social status may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Social Status Date End |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). |
| Edge Case·s | Alice Ann Munro is a Canadian short story writer and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (Social Status Type “Nobel Laureate”), which she was awarded in Stockholm (Social Status Place) in 2013 (Social Status Date Begin). Munro died in 2013 shortly after having received the award (Social Status Date End; Social Status Date End Qualifier “After”) (Wikipedia 2022j). It is debatable whether there is a natural end to a status (i.e. when the actor dies) or if the only way to end a status is by the official revocation of that status (i.e. those that conferred it strip the recipient of it). In this case, it is also debatable whether the status is limited to a place or if it is worldwide. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2022i, Wikipedia 2022j |
Social Status Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s in which an actor assumed their social status. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | Social Status Type |
| Related SQN·s | N/A |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). In 1990 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh was awarded the Companion of the Order of Canada (Social Status Type) by Queen Elizabeth II (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation) in Ottawa, CA-ON (Social Status Place). The social status was maintained even after Yousuf Karsh’s death in 2002 (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s social status as Companion of the Order of Canada can also be considered as a membership (Group Belonging entry nodes). Alice Ann Munro is a Canadian short story writer and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (Social Status Type “Nobel Laureate”), which she was awarded in Stockholm (Social Status Place) in 2013 (Social Status Date Begin). Munro died in 2013 shortly after having received the award (Social Status Date End; Social Status Date End Qualifier “After”) (Wikipedia 2022j). It is debatable whether there is a natural end to a status (i.e. when the actor dies) or if the only way to end a status is by the official revocation of that status (i.e. those that conferred it strip the recipient of it). In this case, it is also debatable whether the status is limited to a place or if it is worldwide. When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it can become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might be granted an online distinction and associated status on a gathering platform accessible on a web server that could also be considered as the location of the social status. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single social status can be associated with several Social Status Places, either because there is conflicting data, because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time, or because the social status was attributed in multiple places at once. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Hillmer 2018, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, Skidmore 2015, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2022i, Wikipedia 2022j |
Social Status Type
| Scope | This field indicates the relative rank and possible honour or prestige an actor holds relative to how well they are perceived to match society’s goals and ideals, as well as their associated hierarchical position in the group’s social stratification. Status reflects a set of connected behaviours, activities, functions, rights, obligations, duties, beliefs, lifestyle, and norms. It relies on the interactions between said actor and a community whose conference of the status upon the actor is a determining factor in the latter having tasks, rights, and beliefs associated with said status. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Social Status: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> P11i_participated_in -> crm:E5_Event -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Social Status”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Social Status |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded an honorary Canadian citizenship (Social Status Type) in 2007 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier) by the Parliament of Canada (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation). The honour was revoked by the House of Commons on September 27, 2018 and by the Senate (Social Status Place “Canada”) on October 2, 2018 (Social Status Date End (debatable); Social Status Date End Qualifier “Before” (debatable)) due to human rights concerns over her treatment of the Rohingya (Wikipedia 2022i). In 1990 (Social Status Date Begin) CE (Social Status Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh was awarded the Companion of the Order of Canada (Social Status Type) by Queen Elizabeth II (Social Status Ascribing Actor Appellation) in Ottawa, CA-ON (Social Status Place). The social status was maintained even after Yousuf Karsh’s death in 2002 (Hillmer 2018; Skidmore 2015). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh’s social status as Companion of the Order of Canada can also be considered as a membership (Group Belonging entry nodes). Alice Ann Munro is a Canadian short story writer and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (Social Status Type “Nobel Laureate”), which she was awarded in Stockholm (Social Status Place) in 2013 (Social Status Date Begin). Munro died in 2013 shortly after having received the award (Social Status Date End; Social Status Date End Qualifier “After”) (Wikipedia 2022j). It is debatable whether there is a natural end to a status (i.e. when the actor dies) or if the only way to end a status is by the official revocation of that status (i.e. those that conferred it strip the recipient of it). In this case, it is also debatable whether the status is limited to a place or if it is worldwide. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Social Status Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Defining a social status type requires identifying the generalizable characteristics and symbols applicable to all who have that status. These characteristics must be contingent, relational, and dynamic in the sense that what they entail might change over time, but they must nonetheless remain salient. A single actor can carry multiple different statuses at one time, just like they can carry a single status multiples times simultaneously. An actor’s status tends to vary with social context: in certain societies, lineage is the main determinant of status whilst in others professional occupations are more predominant. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019z, Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica 2019, Free Dictionary 2019aj, Hillmore 2018, Skidmore 2015, Wikipedia 2019at, Wikipedia 2019au, Wikipedia 2022i, Wikipedia 2022j |
Stay Date Begin
| Scope | This field designates the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the beginning of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (Stay Used Appellation), an organization of which Yousuf Karsh was an Academician member, relocated its headquarter (Stay Type) to 50 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1M 2K1 (Stay Place) since September 01, 2020 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier) (The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020). Upon his arrival to Canada on December 31, 1924 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh (Stay Used Appellation) moved to Sherbrooke, CA-QC (Stay Place) to live with his maternal uncle George Nakash until 1928 (Stay Date End) before he left for Boston, USA-MA (Stay Place). He stayed there until 1931 (Stay Date Begin “1928-01-01T00:00:00Z”; Stay Date End “1931-12-31T23:59:59Z”) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier; Stay Date End Qualifier) (Karsh n.d.). Molly Bobak (Stay Used Appellation) was a Canadian artist who served as Second Lieutenant during World War II from November 1942 when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945. She went to London, GB (Stay Place) after Victory in Europe Day, where she met her future husband, Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Stay Date Begin “1945-05-08T00:00:00”; Stay Date Begin Qualifier “After”; Stay Date End “1945-09-30T23:59:59”; Stay Date End Qualifier “Before”) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Date Begin: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Stay Date End to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019p, Free Dictionary 2019q, Free Dictionary 2019t, Hart 2019/2020, Karsh n.d., The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020, Wikipedia 2019k, Wikipedia 2021f |
Stay Date Begin Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the earliest temporal instant when the event of an actor remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location, may have begun. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Stay Date Begin |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the beginning of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (Stay Used Appellation), an organization of which Yousuf Karsh was an Academician member, relocated its headquarter (Stay Type) to 50 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1M 2K1 (Stay Place) since September 01, 2020 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier) (The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020). Upon his arrival to Canada on December 31, 1924 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh (Stay Used Appellation) moved to Sherbrooke, CA-QC (Stay Place) to live with his maternal uncle George Nakash until 1928 (Stay Date End) before he left for Boston, USA-MA (Stay Place). He stayed there until 1931 (Stay Date Begin “1928-01-01T00:00:00Z”; Stay Date End “1931-12-31T23:59:59Z”) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier; Stay Date End Qualifier) (Karsh n.d.). Molly Bobak (Stay Used Appellation) was a Canadian artist who served as Second Lieutenant during World War II from November 1942 when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945. She went to London, GB (Stay Place) after Victory in Europe Day, where she met her future husband, Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Stay Date Begin “1945-05-08T00:00:00”; Stay Date Begin Qualifier “After”; Stay Date End “1945-09-30T23:59:59”; Stay Date End Qualifier “Before”) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Date Begin Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date Begin (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. In this scenario, the Date Begin entry node would remain empty. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Karsh n.d., The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020, Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021f |
Stay Date End
| Scope | This field designates the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P82b_end_of_the_end -> xsd:dateTime |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided temporalizes the event, but this information cannot be automatically cleaned. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided temporalizes the end of the event, but is not in the appropriate format or contains extra information. However, the date can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using the appropriate date format convention. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided temporalizes the end of the event and follows the appropriate date format convention. No further action is needed. Accepted Value Type·s: DateTime (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) |
| Typical Case·s | Upon his arrival to Canada on December 31, 1924 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh (Stay Used Appellation) moved to Sherbrooke, CA-QC (Stay Place) to live with his maternal uncle George Nakash until 1928 (Stay Date End) before he left for Boston, USA-MA (Stay Place). He stayed there until 1931 (Stay Date Begin “1928-01-01T00:00:00Z”; Stay Date End “1931-12-31T23:59:59Z”) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier; Stay Date End Qualifier) (Karsh n.d.). Molly Bobak (Stay Used Appellation) was a Canadian artist who served as Second Lieutenant during World War II from November 1942 when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945. She went to London, GB (Stay Place) after Victory in Europe Day, where she met her future husband, Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Stay Date Begin “1945-05-08T00:00:00”; Stay Date Begin Qualifier “After”; Stay Date End “1945-09-30T23:59:59”; Stay Date End Qualifier “Before”) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. Numerical entering of dates might be misleading. For example, 06-12-45 might refer to June 12th, 1845 just as much as December 6th, 1945. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Date End: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. Whenever possible, this node should be used in conjunction with the Stay Date Begin to indicate the interval of the described event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Karsh n.d., Wikipedia 2021f |
Stay Date End Qualifier
| Scope | This field qualifies the latest temporal instant when the event of an actor remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location, may have finished. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | Stay Date End |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P4_has_time-span -> crm:E52_Time-Span -> crm:P80_end_is_qualified_by -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided qualifies the end of the event, but contains extra information. However, the qualifier can be automatically converted from the value provided and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined). Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The sole value provided, which qualifies the end of the event, is structured and formatted using CHIN’s convention regarding qualifiers (to be determined) Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | Upon his arrival to Canada on December 31, 1924 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh (Stay Used Appellation) moved to Sherbrooke, CA-QC (Stay Place) to live with his maternal uncle George Nakash until 1928 (Stay Date End) before he left for Boston, USA-MA (Stay Place). He stayed there until 1931 (Stay Date Begin “1928-01-01T00:00:00Z”; Stay Date End “1931-12-31T23:59:59Z”) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier; Stay Date End Qualifier) (Karsh n.d.). Molly Bobak (Stay Used Appellation) was a Canadian artist who served as Second Lieutenant during World War II from November 1942 when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945. She went to London, GB (Stay Place) after Victory in Europe Day, where she met her future husband, Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Stay Date Begin “1945-05-08T00:00:00”; Stay Date Begin Qualifier “After”; Stay Date End “1945-09-30T23:59:59”; Stay Date End Qualifier “Before”) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. The interpretation of the “Before” and “After” qualifiers can serve to determine the exact boundaries of the time-span of an event. For example, if an event was said to occur before 1950, it would be possible to deduce its time-span to be between the birth of its participant and the year 1950, given that the birth dates are certain. Ideally, whenever the semantics of date qualifiers allow the inference of a time-span with certainty, it would be better to use a time-span with the Date Begin and Date End nodes and not to add statements with the literal qualifiers. However, such reasoning would require caution during the mapping process as a data provider can also have internal data entry rules concerning the assignment of such qualifiers, but it might not be included with the data itself, thus causing misinterpretation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Date End Qualifier: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | There can be more than one qualifier at once for a single Date End (e.g. “BCE” and “BC” which is the same information, the former being qualified using the non-Christian acronym “Before Common Era” and the latter using the Christian acronym “Before Christ”). Some important dates in history have alternative names that could be considered as appellations of more general periods, such as 9/11, Victory in Europe Day, D-Day, etc. These appellations are not currently managed in the model and should be treated following the Messy Data pattern. The use of certain qualifiers like “Before” and “After” are allowed, but if possible, CHIN recommends the use of only the entry nodes Date Begin and Date End. For example, if an event took place before 1945, it would be possible to indicate the value “1944-12-31T23:59:59” for the Date End entry node of this event. |
| Reference·s | Hart 2019/2020, Karsh n.d., Wikipedia 2019o, Wikipedia 2019r, Wikipedia 2019w, Wikipedia 2021f |
Stay Place
| Scope | This field identifies the physical location·s of an actor remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location. |
| Generated Bond·s | E53_Place |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P7_took_place_at -> crm:E53_Place |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (Stay Used Appellation), an organization of which Yousuf Karsh was an Academician member, relocated its headquarter (Stay Type) to 50 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1M 2K1 (Stay Place) since September 01, 2020 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier) (The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020). Upon his arrival to Canada on December 31, 1924 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh (Stay Used Appellation) moved to Sherbrooke, CA-QC (Stay Place) to live with his maternal uncle George Nakash until 1928 (Stay Date End) before he left for Boston, USA-MA (Stay Place). He stayed there until 1931 (Stay Date Begin “1928-01-01T00:00:00Z”; Stay Date End “1931-12-31T23:59:59Z”) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier; Stay Date End Qualifier) (Karsh n.d.). Molly Bobak (Stay Used Appellation) was a Canadian artist who served as Second Lieutenant during World War II from November 1942 when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945. She went to London, GB (Stay Place) after Victory in Europe Day, where she met her future husband, Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Stay Date Begin “1945-05-08T00:00:00”; Stay Date Begin Qualifier “After”; Stay Date End “1945-09-30T23:59:59”; Stay Date End Qualifier “Before”) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. When an event takes place online or in a virtual universe, it can become difficult to determine its physical location. For example, an artist might have been granted a sustained presence on an online platform as a guest contributor where they created dedicated works, and the geographical location from which they created them can be a Stay Place just as much as that of the web server that hosts the site. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Place: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This field accommodates all forms of modern and historical locations, physical features, or nations, on Earth or not. A single stay can be linked to several Stay Places, either because there is conflicting data, or because different levels of precision (e.g. the specific building’s address, as well as the city where it is located) are documented at the same time. |
| Reference·s | Bekiari et al. 2015, sec. F9 Place, Free Dictionary 2019m, Free Dictionary 2019n, Karsh n.d., Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E53 Place, The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020, Thesaurus of Geographic Names 2019, Wikipedia 2019am, Wikipedia 2021f |
Stay Type
| Scope | This field qualifies the activity of an actor remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P21_had_general_purpose -> crm:E55_Type |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (Stay Used Appellation), an organization of which Yousuf Karsh was an Academician member, relocated its headquarter (Stay Type) to 50 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1M 2K1 (Stay Place) since September 01, 2020 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier) (The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | This entry node is primarily used to document the purpose of headquarters activity. |
| Reference·s | Free Dictionary 2019t, Karsh n.d., The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020, Wikipedia 2019a, (Wikipedia 2019j](/collections-model/en/semantic-paths-specification/current/bibliography#wikipedia-2019j), (Wikipedia 2019k](/collections-model/en/semantic-paths-specification/current/bibliography#wikipedia-2019k) |
Stay Used Appellation
| Scope | This field designates the entire identifying word·s, number·s, symbol·s, or code·s by which an actor (person or group) is distinguished from others, such as the name, title, or designation as it has been attributed by a contributing institution, and that have been used for an activity of remaining somewhere for a prolonged or temporary duration, including at their customary residence/geographical location. |
| Generated Bond·s | rdfs:Literal |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Stay: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P14i_performed -> crm:E7_Activity (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Stay”]) -> crm:P16_used_specific_object -> crm:E41_Appellation + crm:E33_Linguistic_Object -> crm:P190_has_symbolic_content -> xsd:string |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Staying Event |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The provided values contain structured information that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided values only contain structured information that can be automatically reconciled with other entities in other datasets. Accepted Value Type·s: String |
| Typical Case·s | The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (Stay Used Appellation), an organization of which Yousuf Karsh was an Academician member, relocated its headquarter (Stay Type) to 50 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1M 2K1 (Stay Place) since September 01, 2020 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier) (The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020). Upon his arrival to Canada on December 31, 1924 (Stay Date Begin) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier), Yousuf Karsh (Stay Used Appellation) moved to Sherbrooke, CA-QC (Stay Place) to live with his maternal uncle George Nakash until 1928 (Stay Date End) before he left for Boston, USA-MA (Stay Place). He stayed there until 1931 (Stay Date Begin “1928-01-01T00:00:00Z”; Stay Date End “1931-12-31T23:59:59Z”) CE (Stay Date Begin Qualifier; Stay Date End Qualifier) (Karsh n.d.). Molly Bobak (Stay Used Appellation) was a Canadian artist who served as Second Lieutenant during World War II from November 1942 when she enlisted in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps to September 1945. She went to London, GB (Stay Place) after Victory in Europe Day, where she met her future husband, Brunislaw Jacob Bobak (Stay Date Begin “1945-05-08T00:00:00”; Stay Date Begin Qualifier “After”; Stay Date End “1945-09-30T23:59:59”; Stay Date End Qualifier “Before”) (Wikipedia 2021f). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh spent 29 days on the liner Versailles when he left Lebanon to immigrate to Canada (Karsh n.d.). He therefore stayed for 29 days in the same place (i.e. the boat). However, in practice, this is a trip, so it might be fairer to document Karsh’s time spent in Lebanon and Canada respectively. Obviously, by doing this, the data does not document the travel, which was certainly very impactful on the artist’s life. This edge case shows that the line between moving and staying is blurred. If an archive indicates someone’s presence somewhere, it may be that they lived there, or that they were simply travelling to another place. If a war artist was assigned the number M32 435 C84 (his military registration number), this number would qualify as an Actor Appellation and the Actor Appellation Type would be “Military Registration Number” or “Military ID”. If the War Museum is related to the Department of National Defence or uses these numbers to identify artists, this number would qualify both as an Actor Appellation (the number assigned by the Department of Defence) and as an Actor ID (the same number used by the War Museum). The French appellation of Power Corporation of Canada is Power Corporation du Canada. An institution wanting to record both these appellations could either create two Actor Appellations (one for Power Corporation of Canada indicated as English in the Actor Appellation Language node, and one for Power Corporation du Canada indicated as French in the Actor Appellation Language node) or a single, bilingual one (Power Corporation of Canada/Power Corporation du Canada). The same applies to many governmental bodies in Canada such as PCH Canadian Heritage/Patrimoine canadien where, in addition, the question of the language of the acronym is unclear: if PCH is the Actor Appellation with an Actor Appellation Type labelled “Acronym”, it is possible to consider this as a single, bilingual appellation. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Stay Used Appellation: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | N/A |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Bilingually named entities (such as the National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) could either be recorded as two appellations (National Gallery of Canada and Musée des beaux-arts du Canada) or as one, bilingual appellation (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada). For appellations that are composed of parts (such as last names, first names, etc.), CHIN recommends the use of the Actor Appellation Part nodes and the Actor Appellation Part Type nodes in addition to the Actor Appellation node to document the appellation’s structure. In some cases, unknown artists are referred to with the appellation “Unknown” or other particular identities (gender, nationality, etc.). However, the Stay Used Appellation node should not be used to record such information. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019d, Free Dictionary 2019a, Free Dictionary 2019f, Karsh n.d., Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E82 Actor Appellation, Le Bœuf et al. 2015, sec. E41 Appellation, The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 2020, Wikipedia 2021f |
Technique Used Type
| Scope | This field identifies the combination of ability, skills, methods, and materials used by an actor during their life and that is not directly associated with a particular product or endeavour. |
| Generated Bond·s | E55_Type |
| Dependency·ies | E39_Actor |
| Related SQN·s | Technique Used: Definition |
| Full Path | crm:E39_Actor -> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type (-> crm:P2_has_type -> crm:E55_Type[“Technique Used”]) |
| Target Model Specification View·s | Technique Used |
| Semantic Valuation | Low: The value provided is a string that cannot be parsed automatically by reconciliation tools but still contains the required information. The submission of such data will lead to the generation of Messy Data nodes (Messy Data Statement Content, Messy Data Statement Language, and Messy Data Statement Type) and the data will be managed using the Messy Data pattern. Medium: The value provided is a string that can be automatically cleaned and reconciled using controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. In the event that the value is adequately structured but does not reconcile with any terms from the controlled vocabulary, and provided that it is deemed relevant, CHIN will add the term to the vocabulary. Accepted Value Type·s: String High: The provided value is a string that can be automatically reconciled with the controlled vocabularies specified by CHIN. Accepted Value Type·s: String, URI |
| Typical Case·s | In Artists in Canada, the main technique associated with Yousuf Karsh is photography (Technique Used Type). |
| Edge Case·s | Yousuf Karsh was known in particular for his portraits. Depending on the classification chosen, a vocabulary could define portrait photography as a technique, like the AAT with “commercial portraiture” (AAT 2019), or simply stop at “photography” without any child terms. The latter implies that producing a portrait does not require different skills than producing any type of photograph. In this case, further specification of the techniques can be achieved through the description of artefacts. The information concerning the portrait could then be managed via the subjects of the photograph produced by Yousuf Karsh or the description of its composition. |
| Value Origin·s | Actors Checklist: Technique Used Type: Provider Data |
| Controlled List/Term | TBD |
| Potential Error·s | TBD |
| Comment·s | Technique is distinct from medium, although both concepts often intersect. Whilst technique pertains to the actor, medium pertains to the object. |
| Reference·s | Art & Architecture Thesaurus 2019j, Canadian Heritage Information Network 1999, Free Dictionary 2019k, Museum of Modern Art 2019, Société des musées du Québec (SMQ) 2015, Wikipedia 2019z |